청각장애 아동의 음운인식 능력과 작업기억 특성
A Study on the Working Memory and the Phonological Awareness in Children with Hearing Impaired
1
조회
0
다운로드
2
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
본 연구는 초등학교 1~2학년에 재학 중인 인공와우착용 아동 13명, 보청기착용 아동 6명 총 19명의 청각장애 아동과 건청 아동 15명을 대상으로 음운인식 및 작업기억 능력 특성을 비교 분석하여 청각장애 아동을 위한 효율적인 청능 및 언어재활 전략을 모색하고자 하였다. 음운인식 과제는 BASA 읽기검사를 사용하여 변별과 탈락, 합성, 대치를 그리고 작업기억 과제는 숫자 바로 말하기(Digit forward recall task, DF)와 숫자 거꾸로 말하기(Digit backward recall task, DB)를 포함하여 한국판 토큰검사(K-TTFC-2)를 통해 살펴보았다. 연구 결과, 음운인식 과제 중 합성과 대치과제의 경우 청각장애 아동그룹이 건청 아동그룹에 비해 낮은 수행력을 보였으며 작업기억 능력의 경우 숫자 거꾸로 말하기 과제와 토큰테스트 검사에서도 청각장애 아동그룹의 수행능력이 저조하였다. 이를 통해 청각장애 아동들은 음운인식 과제에서 합성과 대치과제를 어려워하며, 언어성 작업기억의 수행처리를 어려워 한다는 것을 알 수 있다. 본 연구를 통해 토큰검사는 언어능력 뿐 아니라 단기 및 작업기억 능력과 같은 처리과정 기제를 반영하는 검사도구로 활용할 수 있을 것으로 생각된다. 따라서 청각장애 아동들의 청각재활 훈련을 계획할 때 음절합성 및 대치 과제가 포함된 음운인식훈련 프로그램과 작업기억 능력을 향상시키기 위한 중재 프로그램을 계획할 필요가 있다.
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to compare the working memory and the phonological awareness in Children with hearing impaired. Nineteen school-aged children participated in this study (n=13 with cochlear implant, n=6 with hearing aid, n=15 normal hearing children). In children with hearing impaired showed no communication problems. Aspects of phonological awareness tested phoneme awareness and working memory tested K-TTFC-2 by standardized tool and forward and backward digit span. Data were analyzed using SPSS Version 19.0. The results were as follows. First, there was significant difference between children with hearing impaired and normal hearing children in blending of four phonological awareness tasks. But, hearing impaired children showed lower performance compared to normal hearing children. Second, working memory comparison of both groups showed significant differences. Third Children with hearing impaired poorer performance than normal hearing on the K-TTFC-2 task. Fourth School-aged children with hearing aids per formed better in working memory than their peers with cochlear implants. These findings suggest that K-TTFC-2 task possible to measure the ability of working memory in children with hearing impaired.
참고문헌 (34)
- 김동일, "기초학습기능 수행평가체제 : 읽기검사" (2008), 학지사 심리검사연구소
- 김영태, "수용·표현어휘력 검사" (2009), 서울장애인복지관
- 김유경, "청각장애 아동의음운인식 능력과 단어확인 능력의 상관연구－", 음성과학, 13(3), pp.155~167 (2006), 한국음성과학회
- 손은희, "청각장애아동과 건청아동의 음운인식능력 비교 연구", Communication Sciences and Disorders, 9(2), pp.65~82 (2004), 한국언어청각임상학회
- 배소영, "구문의미이해력검사" (2004), 서울장애인종합복지관
- 손은희, "청각장애 아동과 건청 아동의 음운인식 능력 비교 연구", 석사, 재활과학, pp.2004
- 신문자, "한국아동토큰검사(K-TTFC-2)" (2008), 학지사 심리검사연구소
- 신문자, "한국 아동용 토큰검사(Korean Token Test for Children)의 표준화 연구", Communication Sciences and Disorders, 15(2), pp.135~145 (2010), 한국언어청각임상학회
- 우정수, "인공와우이식아동의 음운인식과 읽기", 석사, 언어병리학, pp.2006
- 이미숙, "학령기 인공와우이식 아동의 음운처리능력에 대한 연구", 특수아동교육연구, 14(4), pp.335~350 (2012), 한국특수아동학회[DOI]
- 이지윤, "청각장애 아동과 건청 아동의 숫자따라말하기와 읽기폭 과제 수행력 비교", 언어치료연구, 24(4), pp.401~411 (2015), 한국언어치료학회[DOI]
- 정부자, "토큰검사와 단기 및 작업 기억 검사 결과 간의 관련성: 3∼10세 한국 아동을 대상으로", Communication Sciences and Disorders, 17(1), pp.15~23 (2012), 한국언어청각임상학회
- Adams, A. M., "Limitation in working memory : Implications for language developmen", International Journal of Language and Communication Disorders, 35(1), pp.95~116 (2000)
- Baddeley, A. D., "Working memory and language : An overview", Journal of Communication Disorders, 36, pp.189~208 (2003)
- Cleary, M., "Some measures of verbal and spatial working memory in eight-and nine-year-old hearing-impaired children with working cochlear implants", Ear and Hearing, 22, pp.395~411 (2001)
- Cohen-Mimran, R., "Deficits in working memory in young adults with reading disabilities", Journal of Communication Disorder, 40, pp.168~183 (2007)
- Colleti, L., "Long-term follow-up of infants(4-11 months)fitted with cochlear implants", Acta Oto-Laryngologica, 129(4), pp.361~366 (2009)
- Denne, M., "Treating children with expressive phonological disorders: does phonological awareness therapy work in the clinic?", International Journal of Language and Communication Disorders, 40(4), pp.493~504 (2005)
- Dillon, C. M., "Nonword repetition and reading in deaf children with cochlear Implants", International Cogress Series, pp.304~307 (2004)
- Hayes, H., "Receptive vocabulary develo pment in deaf children with cochlear implants : Achievement in an intensive auditory-oral educational setting", Ear and Hearing, 30, pp.128~135 (2009)
- Geers, A. E., "Language skills of children with early cochlear implantation", Ear and Hearing, 24(1), pp.46S~58S (2003)
- Kronenberger, W. G., "Working memory training for children with cochlear implants : a pilot study. Journal of Speech", Language and Hearing Research, 54(4), pp.1182~1196 (2011)
- McGhee, R, L., "The Token test for children" (2007), Pro-Ed
- Montgomery, J. W., "Sentence comprehension in children with specific language impairment : The role of phonological working memory", Journal of Speech and Hearing Research, 38, pp.187~199 (1995)
- Montgomery, J., "Relation of auditory attention and complex sentence comprehension in children with specific language impairment : A preliminary study", Psycholinguistics, 30, pp.123~151 (2009)
- Nicolas, J. G., "Will the catch up? The role of age at cochlear implantation in spoken language development of children with severe to profound hearing loss", Journal of Speech, Langauage, and Hearing Research, 50, pp.1048~1062 (2007)
- Pisoni, D. B., "Working memory in deaf children with cochlear implants: Correlations between digit span and measures of spoken language processing", Annals of Otology, Rhinology, and Laryngology, 185(Supplement), pp.92~93 (2000)
- Pisoni, D. B, "Measures of working memory span and verbal rehearsal speed in deaf children after cochlear implantation", Ear Hear, 24(1), pp.106~120 (2003)
- Rvachew, S., "Phonological awareness and phonemic perception in 4-year-old children with delayed expressive phonology skills", American Journal of Speech Language Pathology, 12, pp.463~471 (2003)
- Sharma, A., "Cortical development, plasticity and re-organization in children with cochlear implants", Journal of Communication Disorder, 42, pp.272~279 (2009)
- Spencer, J. J., "Exploring the language and liter acy outcomes of pediatric cochlear implant users", Ear and Hearing, 24, pp.236~247 (2003)
- Smyth. M. M., "Determining spatial memory span: The role of movement time and articulation rate", Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 45A, pp.479~501 (1992)
- Swanson, H. L., "Learning disabilities as a working memory deficit. Issues in Education", Contributions of Educational Psychology, 7(1), pp.1~48 (2001)
- Watson, D. R., "Auditory sensory me mory and working memory processes in children with normal hearing and cochlear implant", Audiology and Neurotology, 12(2), pp.65~76 (2007)