통합교육의 의미 다시 생각하기 -모든 이들을 위한 통합교육과 보편적 학습설계의 원리를 중심으로-
Rethinking the Meaning of Inclusion -Education for All and the Universal Design for Learning-
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통합교육에 대한 의미 해석과 구체적인 접근방식에 대한 다양한 견해가 존재하지만, 통합교육으로의 지향성과 그로 인한 교육현장의 변화는 더욱 확대될 것이다. 본 연구의 목적은 특수교육대상 유아만을 위한 통합교육이 아니라 'inclusion'이라는 단어가 상징하는 모든 이들을 위한 교육으로서의 통합교육에 대한 의미를 다시 생각하고 통합교육을 실제 교육현장에 구현할 수 있는 새로운 패러다임으로서 보편적 학습설계의 개념과 원리를 구체적으로 살펴보는 것이다. 이를 위하여 전 세계적으로 통합교육을 지향하는 정책의 기반이 된 살라만카선언문에 나타난 모든 이들을 위한 교육으로서의 통합교육의 의미가 서구사회에 적용되는 과정에서 경험한 통합교육의 이상과 실제의 간극에 대해 살펴보고, 모든 이들을 위한 교육을 실천하기 위한 방안으로서 보편적 학습 설계 원리의 개념과 원리를 구체적으로 설명하였다.
Abstract
Despite different interpretations and approaches toward inclusion, the idea of including students with special needs into general education classrooms has been supported by many parts of the world. Especially after the Salamanca Statement, there was a shift of policy focus, from special education to responding to the diversity within a general education environment, as part of human rights agenda demanding access to, and equity in, education. However, interpreting the ideology of inclusion for real life practices is not an easy task. The purpose of this article was to disentangle different notions of inclusion and to suggest an alternative framework of Universal Design of Learning(UDL) for implementing the idea of inclusion. Overall, it is important to understand inclusion as "Education for All" and UDL as the principles that guide the development of educational tools to accommodate the diverse needs of all students, including those with special needs.
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