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새로운 국제질서와 회사의 국제법 주체성

Business Corporations in the New International System and International Law

김화진
대한변호사협회 (Korean Bar Associtaion)|2016|인권과 정의 (Human Right and Justice)|제457호|pp. 89-118|DOI 10.22999/hraj..457.201605.005

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참고문헌

키워드

자유무역협정국제인권법국제법국제투자법회사투자협정외국인 불법행위법국제기구국가주권영토국제법 창설TerritoryFree Trade AgreementInvestment TreatyInternational LawInternational OrganizationInternational Human Rights LawState SovereigntyInternational Investment LawBusiness CorporationAlien Tort Claims ActInternational Lawmaking
주제분류법학

초록

베스트팔렌 체제에서 출발한 주권국가와 국가영토 중심의 국제법 질서에서는 회사의 국제법주체성이 인정될 여지가 크지 않으나 그럼에도 불구하고 회사의 국제법 주체성 인정 범위는 19세기 말부터 국제인권법을 중심으로 점진적으로 확대되어 왔다. 이러한 경향은 특히 20세기 후반에 급증한 투자협정, 자유무역협정 등을 통해 급격히 뚜렷해지게 된다. 회사는 이제 국제투자법을 통해 국제법상의권리와 의무의 주체로 인정되게 되었고 주권국가를 상대로 국제법정에서 국제법을 원용하는 소송을 수행할 수 있게 되었다. 이 글에서는 회사의 국제법 주체성에 관한 국제법학계에서의 논의를 국제투자법을 중심으로 정리해 보고 회사의 국제법적 지위의 변화가 가지는 경제정책적, 국가전략적 함의를 생각해 본다.

Abstract

Business corporations are not conventional subjects of international law in the international system built on the concepts of sovereign state and geographical territory that were formulated by the Treaty of Westphalia. Nevertheless, business corporations have often been recognized as the subjects of international law since the end of the 19th century, in particular in international human rights law. The scope of such recognition widened incrementally as international investment agreements and free trade agreements proliferated in the second half of the 20th century. Now, business corporations act as legitimate actor in international community through the development of international investment law. They are allowed to bring law suits against sovereign states before international tribunals referring to international law. This Article provides readers with a brief account of the international law subjectivity of business corporations with special reference to international investment law and puts forward some of its implications for national economy and strategy.

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