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발달장애학생의 자립과 성인생활을 위한 특수교육 교과교육의 적용방안 소고

A Study on Application of Subject Matters Education for Independence and Adult Life of Students with Developmental Disabilities

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본 연구는 발달장애학생의 자립과 성인생활을 위해 학령기에 걸친 특수교육 교과교육의 적용방안을 소고하는데 그 목적을 두었다. 이를 위해, 본 연구는 발달장애학생이 전 학령기에 걸쳐 적용받는 교과교육의 접근을 전환교육의 실제와 통합할 뿐 아니라, 성인기 연계교육의 관점과도 비추어 봄으로써 교과교육과 전환교육의 통합적 접근에 대한 가치와 중요성을 높였다. 전환교육의 실제는 발달장애학생이 학령기 안에서 미래 성인생활적응 및 자립에 필요한 여러 기능적인 기술을 역행 계획의 범주로 습득할 수 있도록 원조하는 내용과 방법을 포함하고 있기 때문에, 발달장애학생의 성인기 자립에 매우 직접적인 것으로 나타난다. 이런 관점에서 고찰된 본 연구의 특수교육 교과교육의 적용방안은 다음과 같다. 먼저, 교과교육의 내용을 위해 발달장애학생의 자립 영역별(주거, 직업, 여가 등) 여러 과제기술들을 행동 체크리스트 목록으로 개발하고, 개발된 행동 목록의 각 과제기술들은 여러 교과들의 내용 체계요소들과 통합 분석되어 교과 학습목표로 설정될 수 있다는 점을 제시하였다. 또한, 교과교육 방법을 위해 지역사회참조교수와 지역사회중심교수 전략의 병행 체제를 제시하고, 그에 따른 다중교수기법의 학습 스타일 사정 방식도 제시하였다. 그리고 발달장애학생이 학령기 동안 적용받은 교과교육 내용 및 방법을 성인기 직전에 총체적으로 사정할 수 있는 문서 관리 양식 역시 제시하였다.

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to find the method for application of special subject matters education during school age to promote independence and adult life of students with developmental disabilities. To accomplish the purpose, this study increased the value and importance of integrated approach to subject matters education and transition education by integrating subject matters education, which is applied to the entire school age of students with developmental disabilities, with the actuality of transition education and reflecting it from the perspective of education connected to adulthood. Since the actuality of transition education includes contents and methods that help students with developmental disabilities to learn various functional skills needed for future adult life and independence according to the scope of regressive plan during school age, transition education was found to show direct effect on adulthood independence of students with developmental disabilities. Application methods of special subject matters education examined by this study under such perspective are as follows. First for contents of subject matters education, list of action checklists was developed on various task skills for each independence domain (residence, occupation, leisure, etc.) of students with developmental disabilities. This study suggested that each task skill of the developed action list can be comprehensively analyzed with systematic factors of various subjects and configured as learning objective of subjects. In addition, community-referenced instruction and community-based instruction strategies were paralleled while proposing learning style assessment of multiple instructional techniques. Also, a paper management form was provided for general assessment on contents and methods of subject matters education applied to students with developmental disabilities immediately before adulthood.

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