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미국 생명보험주식회사의 배당상품 및 이익배분 정책에 대한 실증분석과 국내적 시사점

An Empirical Study on Participating Policies and Earnings Allocation of the US Stock Life Insurers and the Implications

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참고문헌

주제분류경영학

초록

본 연구에서는 미국 보험시장에서 배당형 생명보험상품에서 창출된 이익을 보험계약자와 주주에게 어떻게 배분하고 있는지를 실증적으로 분석하고 있다. 분석 결과 자기자본이 충실한 회사, 자산운용수익률이 높은 회사, 그리고 주식회사 형태의 보험사가 계약자에게 더 많은 배당을 하는 것으로 밝혀졌다. 또한 예정이율을 낮게 책정하는 회사가 더 많은 계약자배당을 하는 것으로 분석되었다. 배당상품을 판매하면 주주와 보험계약자 사이에 영업결과 생긴 이익을 배분할 때 사후적 갈등이 발생하기도 하지만 배당상품의 판매비중이 높으면 주식과 같은 위험자산에 투자하는 비중이 사전적으로 적어지는 것으로 검증되어 보험사의 도산위험은 오히려 적어진다는 결론을 얻었다. 또한 본 연구에서는 배당상품의 이익에 대한 주주의 참여비율을 법으로 제한하더라도 선진국의 일부 사례를 단순 모방하기보다는 국내 보험사의 예정이율 수준을 감안하여 한도를 결정하는 것이 필요하다 근거를 제시하고 있다. 끝으로 국내 소비자에 대한 설문조사에서 배당상품의 보험계약자가 보험사의 부동산재평가이익이나 기업공개시 상장차익에도 참여할 수 있을 것으로 기대하는 비율은 매우 낮았다.

Abstract

The study investigates empirically the distribution of earnings created from participating products to policyholders and shareholders in the US life insurance market for the period from 1990 to 2000. The research results reveal that the more dividends to policyholders have been paid by the life insurers with a higher capital ratio, a greater investment yield, and a lower guaranteed interest rate in designing their insurance policies. It is also shown that stock insurers have paid more dividends to policyholders than mutual companies in the US market. In addition, it is revealed that the higher the ratio of participating policies to their product portfolios, the lower the proportion of investment of the insurers in highly risky assets such as stock. Therefore, the insurers who sell more participating policies are less likely to go bankrupt and their policyholders seem better protected. On the other hand, the study claims that the legal restriction on the limit of earnings distribution to shareholders (e.g. 10% rule) should be adopted in consideration of the average level of guaranteed interest rates employed by insurers as compared to the market yield.

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