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자폐성 장애인의 영양 중재에 관한 국외 연구의 효과성 분석

Analysis of the Effectiveness of Foreign Studies on Nutritional Interventions for Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder

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초록

본 연구는 자폐 스펙트럼 장애(ASD)을 대상으로 한 영양 중재 프로그램이 ASD 주요 특성에 어떠한 영향을 미쳤는지 알아보기 위함이다. 직접적인 영양과 관련된 국외의 연구 16편은 PRISMA를 활용하여 수집되었으며 RevMan 5.3을 활용하여 전반적인 연구의 특성과 글루텐 제거 식이, 글루텐 및 카제인 첨가 식이, 보충제 및 그 외 식이조절을 활용한 사례들을 구분하여 효과 크기를 구하였다. 주요 분석 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 글루텐 제거 식이 연구들에서 글루텐 자체만 제거한 식이에서는 유의적인 효과가 없었고 글루텐과 카제인을 모두 제거한 중재에서는 ASD 주요 특성에 효과가 있는 것으로 나타났으며, 글루텐 제거와 MCT 보충 식이에서는 차이가 없었다. 둘째, 글루텐 및 카제인 첨가 식이는 ASD 증상을 감소시키는 데 효과적이었으며, 마지막으로 보충제 및 식이조절 중재는 비타민 무기질 식이를 제외한 저탄수화물과 오메가-3 보충제에서는 ASD 증상에 영향을 미치지 못하는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 사례수의 한계로 인한 일반화의 어려움과 이상의 메타 연구를 통한 결과를 바탕으로 추후 연구 방향과 시사점을 제언하였다.

Abstract

This study aimed to determine whether a nutritional intervention program targeting autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is effective for ASD symptoms. Sixteen foreign studies directly related to nutrition were collected using PRISMA, and using RevMan 5.3, the characteristics of the overall experimental studies using gluten-free diet, gluten, and casein-added diet, supplements, and other dietary adjustments were classified, and the effects were analyzed. The primary analysis results are as follows. First, studies on gluten-free diets showed improvement in ASD symptoms in the diet with only gluten removed and the dietary intervention with both gluten and casein removed, but there was no difference between gluten-free and MCT diets. Second, gluten and casein-supplemented diets effectively reduced ASD symptoms, and finally, supplements and dietary interventions were found not to affect ASD symptoms in low-carbohydrate and omega-3 supplements, except vitamin-mineral diets. Based on the results of the above meta-study, the direction and implications of future research were suggested.

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