15~16세기 러시아의 ‘그리스도의 변모’ 이콘에 나타난 러시아성
‘Russianness’ in the Transfiguration of Christ icons of Russia in the 15th-16th centuries
1
조회
0
다운로드
0
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
This study aims to examine how the body and clothing of Jesus Christ are represented in the Russian Transfiguration of Christ icons of the 15th and 16th centuries and why it is considered to have established a distinct Russian iconography free from Byzantine influence. The study analyzes the Russian icons comparing them with their Byzantine prototypes to identify the distinctive ‘Russianness’ of the representation. The research methods comprise a qualitative analysis of the literature on Russian Orthodoxy, Russian icons, Christian theology, and Christ’s clothing and an empirical analysis of the icons. The scope of the study is limited to Russian icons from the 15th and 16th centuries and Byzantine icons from the 9th century onwards. The study found that, compared to Byzantine icons, the Russian icons exhibit a more elongated body, darker facial features, and lighter clothing. A statistical analysis using the Mann-Whitney U test further revealed that the Russian icons feature a stiffer, simpler form, more opaque material, and more defined clothing boundaries. These stylistic differences suggest that the ‘Russianness’ in the expression of Christ’s body and clothing in the Transfiguration of Christ icons derives from creativity, abstractness, and tradition. Rather than a simple recreation of the historical Christ or adherence to the Byzantine tradition, the Russian iconographic representation emphasizes Christ's transfiguration into a luminous form, as described in the Bible, accentuating his divine nature over his human aspects.
Abstract
This study aims to examine how the body and clothing of Jesus Christ are represented in the Russian Transfiguration of Christ icons of the 15th and 16th centuries and why it is considered to have established a distinct Russian iconography free from Byzantine influence. The study analyzes the Russian icons comparing them with their Byzantine prototypes to identify the distinctive ‘Russianness’ of the representation. The research methods comprise a qualitative analysis of the literature on Russian Orthodoxy, Russian icons, Christian theology, and Christ’s clothing and an empirical analysis of the icons. The scope of the study is limited to Russian icons from the 15th and 16th centuries and Byzantine icons from the 9th century onwards. The study found that, compared to Byzantine icons, the Russian icons exhibit a more elongated body, darker facial features, and lighter clothing. A statistical analysis using the Mann-Whitney U test further revealed that the Russian icons feature a stiffer, simpler form, more opaque material, and more defined clothing boundaries. These stylistic differences suggest that the ‘Russianness’ in the expression of Christ’s body and clothing in the Transfiguration of Christ icons derives from creativity, abstractness, and tradition. Rather than a simple recreation of the historical Christ or adherence to the Byzantine tradition, the Russian iconographic representation emphasizes Christ's transfiguration into a luminous form, as described in the Bible, accentuating his divine nature over his human aspects.
참고문헌 (72)
- Andreopoulos, A., "Metamorphosis : The Trans-figuration in Byzantine theology and iconography" (2005), St Vladimir’s Seminary Press
- "Iconography of the Transfiguration of the Lord" (2021)[URL]
- Banning, J., "Artifacts improve learning in a fashion history course", 2018 ITAA Annual Conference (2018), International Textile and Apparel Association
- Billington, J., "The icon and axe : An interpretative history of Russian culture" (2010), Vintage Books
- Byun, H. T., "Inside and outside of Russianness : World literature theory and Russian literature", Russian Studies, 29(1), pp.91~110 (2019)[DOI]
- Cha, J., "A study on body silhouette change by wearing English women’s upper garments of the late 19th century", The Research Journal of the Costume Culture, 19(6), pp.1205~1220 (2011)
- Cosbey, S., "Development of an instrument for a visual analysis of dress from pictorial evidence", Clothing and Textiles Research Journal, 20(2), pp.110~124 (2002)[DOI]
- "A walk up the mountain. Icons and Their Interpretation" (2021)[URL]
- DeLong, M. R., "The way we look : A framework for visual analysis of dress" (1987), Iowa State University Press
- Gatrall, J. J. A., "Alter icons:The Russian icon and modernity" (2010), Penn State University Press
- "Icon and axe"[URL]
- Han, S. J., "A study on the costume of Czarist Russia", Journal of the Korean Society of Costume, 28, pp.151~168 (1996)
- "Transfiguration"[URL]
- "Transfiguration"[URL]
- "Transfiguration"[URL]
- "Transfiguration"[URL]
- "Transfiguration"[URL]
- "Transfiguration"[URL]
- "Transfiguration"[URL]
- "Transfiguration"[URL]
- "Transfiguration"[URL]
- "Transfiguration"[URL]
- "Transfiguration"[URL]
- "Transfiguration"[URL]
- "Transfiguration"[URL]
- "Transfiguration"[URL]
- "Transfiguration"[URL]
- "Transfiguration"[URL]
- "Transfiguration"[URL]
- "Transfiguration"[URL]
- "Transfiguration"[URL]
- "Transfiguration Icon:The event and process. A Reader’s Guide to Orthodox Icons" (2011)[URL]
- "Transfiguration Icon:The event and process. A Reader’s Guide to Orthodox Icons" (2011)[URL]
- "Craniometry"[URL]
- Jang, S., "이콘과 문학" (2010), Hankuk University of Foreign Studies Press
- "A double standard? Some clarifications on icon painting theory" (2017)[URL]
- Kim, C. K., "이콘의 신학과 세계관의 문제", Russian Language and Literature, 15, pp.255~280 (2004)
- Kim, S. -H., "The myth of Russianness and ethnographic expedition during the time of the great reforms", The Korean Journal of Slavic Studies, 27(4), pp.25~75 (2011)[DOI]
- Kim, S. -H., "러시아 문화의 풍경들: 러시아성(Russianness)과 문화 텍스트" (2017), Sungkyunkwan University Press
- Kim, S. H., "Important characteristics of Russian clothing culture in Domostroi and the theme of Russianness", Slav Newspaper, 33(2), pp.39~90 (2018)[DOI]
- Kim, S. H., "Compositional poetics of the theme of Russianness in Pushkin’s Eugene Onegin related to the figure of Tat’iana", Korean Journal of Russian Language and Literature, 31(1), pp.187~234 (2019)[DOI]
- Kim, S. H., "Peculiarities of Russianness Reflected in Russian Orthodox church clothing for rituals and the clergy", The Korean Journal of Slavic Studies, 36(1), pp.127~168 (2020)[DOI]
- "King James Bible" (2017), Cambridge University Press
- Kwon, S. E., "A study on characters of dispute in quest for Russian identity", Slav Newspaper, 16(1), pp.345~370 (2001)
- Kwon, Y., "A study on the Eastern Orthodox Church & icon", The Journal of Asiatic Studies, 58(3), pp.278~306 (2015)
- Lee, D., "A cross-sectional comparative study on the modern Russian and western European costumes", Korean Journal of Russian Language and Literature, 30(4), pp.197~226 (2018)[DOI]
- Lee, D. H., "러시아 이콘 연구", The Korean Journal of Slavic Studies, 11, pp.151~188 (1995)
- Lee, D. H., "이콘과 아방가르드: 초월적 성스러움의 문화적 표상" (2008), Tree of Thought press
- Lee, H. G., "A reinterpretation of Russian iconography : The rediscovery of Russian icons in the silver age and Andrei Bely’s"The Silver Dove"", Korean Journal of Russian Language and Literature, 14(1), pp.177~201 (2002)
- Liu, S., "Interpretation of Siberian shaman costume through Roland Barthes’s semiotics approach", The Research Journal of the Costume Culture, 28(6), pp.858~874 (2020)[DOI]
- Liu, S., "A study on shaman costume from the perspective of Siberian shamanism spiritual culture", The Research Journal of the Costume Culture, 29(1), pp.103~120 (2021)[DOI]
- Matthews, V. H., "Manners & customs in the Bible : An illustrated guide to daily life in Bible times" (2006), Hendrickson
- McGuckin, J. A., "The Transfiguration of Christ in Scripture and tradition" (1986), Edwin Mellen
- "The Lord’s Transfiguration:Paintings, icons, and frecoes" (2014)[URL]
- Nam, S. H., "Christian art of the late antiquity" (2012), Idam
- "New American Standard Bible" (1995), Thomas Nelson
- "New International Bible" (2011), Zondervan
- Oh, H. K., "The concept and character of the Renaissance humanism : Centered on its relation with the Reformation", History and Culture of Universities, 1(1), pp.61~85 (2004)
- "The Jesus hairstyle" (2011)[URL]
- Plummer, B., "Developing a trend analysis instrument to establish a taxonomy of digital textile printing attributes for costume and theatrical fashion design use", 2017 ITAA Annual Conference (2017), International Textile and Apparel Association
- Riesenfeld, H., "Jésus transfiguré: l'arrièreplan du récit évangélique de la transfiguration de Notre-Seigneur" (1947), Ejnar Munksgaard
- Rubens, A., "A history of Jewish costume" (1973), Crown Publishers
- "The Mosaic of the Katholikon"[URL]
- Suk, Y. J., "러시아정교: 역사․신학․예술" (2005), Korea University Press
- Sun, H. Y., "동방 정교회의 「아이콘」 (Icon)에대한 역사적ㆍ신학적인 이해", Theology and the World, 24, pp.128~147 (1992)
- Taylor, J. E., "What did Jesus look like?" (2018), Bloomsbury Publishing
- Vzdornov, G. I., "The Russian icon : from its origins to the sixteenth century" (1997), Liturgical Press
- "Transfiguration"[URL]
- "Homilies of Gregory the Theologian"[URL]
- "Transfiguration"[URL]
- "The Transfiguration"[URL]
- "동방정교회 ‘러시아 이콘’ 한눈에…서소문성지 박물관 특별전" (2021)[URL]