음식, 죄, 그리고 그리스도인의 삶: 탐식에 대한 신학적 이해와 윤리적 성찰
Food, Sin. and Christian Life: A Theological and Ethical Analysis on Gluttony
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사람에게 먹는 문제는 가장 일상적이다. 오늘날과 같은 선진 사회에서 먹거 리 및 그와 관련된 것들은 비상한 관심거리가 된다. 건강, 비만, 매력적인 몸 매를 가꾸는 일 등이 모두 음식과 밀접하게 연관되어 있기 때문이다. 기독교 전통은 초기부터 탐식에 종교적이고 도덕적인 의미를 부여해 왔다. 성경뿐 만 아니라 초대교부들과 중세의 사막 수도사들도 먹는 것에 지배를 받는 삶 이 하나님께 가까이 나아가는 삶에 방해가 됨을 간파했다. 특히 사막 교부들 과 이후 중세 교회의 신학자들은 탐식을 일곱 대죄의 하나로 경계해 왔다. 또 탐식을 다섯 가지로 세분화하여 이에 대해 구체적으로 신자들에게 가르 쳐 오기도 했다. 이 논문은 성경과 기독교 전통에서 이해하는 탐식을 살피되, 특히 초기 수도사인 에바그리우스, 카시안, 그레고리, 그리고 토마스 아퀴나스의 가르 침을 중심으로 분석할 것이다. 그리고 이에서 말미암은 다른 죄들을 검토할 것이다. 마지막으로 금식과 구제를, 탐식을 극복하기 위해 교회가 취해야 할 방안으로 제시하면서 이에 대한 신학윤리적인 의미를 살펴본다.
Abstract
Food or eating is one of the most important and common thing in the daily life people live. In the affluent societies like America and Korea, great social concern has been gradually increased on such issues as health, obesity, attractive body-building. These ones are closely related to food or eating. But from the early church history until now in Christian tradition, food or eating has been treated not only as an individual or social issue, but also as a moral or religious issue. Biblical teachings and moral teaching in writings of early desert fathers warned against the life dominated by food, which was regarded as a serious obstacle to godly life toward coming near to God. Gluttony was counted as one of the seven capital sins. In the medieval age, gluttony was distinguished in five ways as follow: eating hastily, ravenously, excessive, sumptuously, and daintily. This article explores moral characteristics of gluttony by analyzing teachings of medieval desert fathers and theologians such as Evagrius of Pontus, John Cassian, Gregory the Great, and Thomas Aquinas. How gluttony leads to other sins and vices are also examined. Finally, two outstanding virtues, fast and almsgiving, are proposed as alternative ways that Christian should take in order to overcome this capital sin.
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