다척도 심리검사 자료의 이질적 극단응답양식 탐색을 위한 혼합문항반응나무모형의 적용
Mixture item response tree model for measuring extreme response style in multiple psychological scales
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초록
문항반응나무모형(Item Response Tree: IRTree)은 응답자의 설문 응답 시 발생할 수 있는 인지적응답 반응 과정을 나무구조로 반영하여 문항반응이론에 접목시킨 모형으로, 최근 응답 편향의일종인 극단응답반응양식(Extreme Response Style: ERS)과 관련한 연구에서 활발하게 활용되고 있다. 나아가 ERS로 인해 발생할 수 있는 자료의 이질성을 탐색하는 방법으로 IRTree 모형에 잠재집단모형을 추가한 혼합문항반응나무모형(Mixture Item Response Tree: MixIRTree)을 제안되고있다. 본 연구에서는 MixIRTree 모형의 적용 가능성을 탐색하기 위하여 한국청소년정책연구원의 한국 아동·청소년 패널조사의 부적정서 문제 중 신체적 증상과 우울 척도를 활용하였다. 연구 결과에 따르면 서로 다른 수준의 ERS를 보이는 세 개의 잠재집단을 확인할 수 있었다. 첫 번째로, 잠재집단 3은 잠재집단 1과 2에 비하여 적은 ERS 경향을 보였고, 잠재집단 1이 모든 척도에서 가장 강한 ERS 경향을 보였다. 두 번째로, ERS 경향을 보인 잠재집단 1과 2에서는 척도에 따라서 ERS 경향이 다르게 나타났다. 잠재집단 1은 우울 척도에서 상대적으로 더강한 ERS 경향을 보였으며, 잠재집단 2는 신체적 증상 척도에 상대적으로 더 강한 ERS를 보이는 것으로 나타났다. 이와 같은 결과를 바탕으로, 본 연구에서 제안된 MixIRTree와 같은 심리측정모형을 활용하여 잠재목표특성치와 ERS를 동시에 측정하면서 ERS로 발생할 수 있는 잠재집단 간 차이를 탐색하는 것이 필요함을 경험적 자료 분석을 통하여 시사하였다.
Abstract
Item response tree model (IRTree) is a sort of a multidimensional item response theory that incorporates a tree structure depicting a respondent's cognitive response process into item response theory. IRTree has recently received considerable attention from researchers for measuring extreme response style (ERS) that can threaten reliability and factor structure in self-report survey data. In addition to the work of IRTree, we extend IRTree as the mixture item response tree model (MixIRTree), which combines latent class analysis with IRTree for measuring and investigating the possible heterogeneity of data caused by ERS. For analyses, this study used the body symptom and depression scales of the emotional problems in the third wave of KCYPS 2018. The results of the study are as follows. First, the three latent classes were captured, showing the different levels of ERS. The latent class 3 did not show the ERS tendency than the latent classes 1 and 2. The latent class 1 showed the largest ERS tendency. Second, the ERS tendency across the latent classes was different between the negative affect scales. For example, the ERS tendency of the latent class 1 was larger in the depression scale than body symptom scale, while the ERS tendency of the latent class 2 was larger in the body symptom scale than the depression scale. Based on these findings, we provide practical implications of the MixIRTree for measuring the heterogeneity of ERS and discuss the future direction for further study.
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