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국제 수준의 심리사 자격 기준, 핵심역량 그리고 대한민국에서의 법제화 필요성

International standards for licensing psychologists, required core competencies and legislation in South Korea

최기홍|김현진|노은빈
한국심리학회 (The Korean Psychological Association)|2022.08|한국심리학회지:일반 (Korean Journal of Psychology: General)|제41권 제3호|pp. 243-255|DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.22257/kjp.2022.8.41.3.243

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키워드

핵심역량국제기준legislation법제화심리상담core competences심리사법psychological counselinglicensed psychologistinternational standards
주제분류심리과학

초록

급변하는 현대 사회에서 정신건강에 대한 관심이 급증하였고, 최근 코로나 19를 경험하면서 정신건강 서비스를 통한 예방과 위기개입 등 근거-기반의 안전하고 윤리적인 심리서비스의 중요성이 더욱 부각되었다. 이러한 맥락에서 국제심리연합(Global Psychological Alliance)은 국민의 정신건강을 위한 심리사의 역할을 선언하였다. 전 세계의 많은 국가들도 근거-기반실천을 제공하는 정신건강 핵심 인력으로서 심리사를 법과 규정에 명시하여 제도화하고 있다. 하지만 현재까지 국내에는 심리사를 법으로 규정하거나, 이들의 서비스를 제도화할 수 있는 심리서비스 법제화가 마련되어 있지 않다. 본 논문에서는 정신건강 서비스의 핵심인력으로 심리사를 법으로 규정하고 있는 캐나다, 미국, 영국, 호주, 일본 등의 사례를 소개하고, 경제협력개발기구(Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development) 소속 국가들이 법에서 규정하는 심리사 자격 기준도 함께 소개하였다. 또한 국제응용심리학회(International Association of Applied Psychology)와 국제심리연맹(The International Union of Psychological Science)에서 선포한 정신건강의 핵심인력으로서 심리사가 갖추어야 할 심리사 핵심역량을 소개하였다. 마지막으로 국민 정신건강 증진, 비전문가에 의한 2차 피해 예방 등 엄격한 자격 기준을 갖춘 심리사를 법제화 해야하는 이유들에 대해 논의하였다.

Abstract

As national demands in mental health have sharply increased in modern society, importance of psychological services and their regulation for the public have surged. The Global Psychological Alliance has declared the role of psychologists for citizens' mental health in 2022. The majority of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) countries have legislated laws and regulations of psychologists for providing evidence-based and ethical psychological services, and protecting the public from unethical and harmful services by specifying core competencies of psychologists. However, there is no legal regulation of psychologists in South Korea. The current study reviewed the international standards of psychologists including Canada, United States of America (USA), United Kingdom (UK), Australia, and Japan. The required qualification standards for licensed psychologists in OECD countries were also summarized. Finally, we discussed the benefits of regulations and legislation of psychologists and the need of requiring core competencies for psychologists. It is concluded that international standards of psychologists should be implemented to enhance the public mental health and minimize harm.

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