요한 칼빈의 교회개혁과 선교

Abstract

The essential point of John Calvin’s theology is well expressed at the passage that “Do not believe oneself before God.” Calvin urges that “Trust in God and do not rely on your own power.” This was the message forward the nobles and clergies at that time. Calvin insisted that the unification with God, the conviction of salvation, and the impossibility of eternal life by human being’s good deeds are the purpose of theology. Calvin’s theology to compose the main stream of Christian theology is related to the church reformation based on the ecclesiology. When we understand the church reformation as the restoration of the essence of church, the mission, the essence of church is the goal and directional point of the church reformation. Thus the church reformation of Calvin has a close relationship with mission. The author deals with missional purpose, theological reformation, sacrament as an instrument of grace, pastoral purpose of church, etc. based on Institutes of the Christian Religion at this thesis. The basic principle of Calvin’s theology is God’s Sovereignty. Even if Zwingli emphasized the Intention of God in his theology, Calvin emphasized the Sovereignty of God in his theology. Calvin emphasizes God’s Sovereignty in Providence and argues God’s Sovereignty in Eternal Predestination. Calvin thought that the entire parts of human being’s life are contained in the Eternal Predestination of God. Calvin tells that godliness and devotion to church are the purpose of theology in the perspective of ecclesiology. He classifies the function of church into militant church, triumphal church, intangible church, and tangible church and emphasizes the attribute of church as the place that God’s people gather and praise God. He also emphasizes that church is the place that worship service takes place and mission is achieved through God’s Sovereignty, grace, salvation and restoration. The church reformation of Calvin contains the restoration of pastoral function, the worship reformation of Geneva as a practical indication of church worship, and the missional message of preachers, etc. The sermons of Calvin are always related with God’s salvation in Jesus Christ and the promise of eternal life through obedient life. And Calvin tells the proclamation of the Good News to all creation through God-centered theological thought. In result, Calvin’s mission is to do the Biblical mission toward all the world by God-centered, Word-centered proclamation and to do the reformation of Monastery system and mission, and foreign mission. In conclusion, the church reformation and mission of Calvin is related to the life-theological viewpoint, the restoration of God’s kingdom and spiritual power, the foundation of missional practice through church reformation, and the removal of obstacles against foreign mission, etc. The church reformation of Calvin was missional and the theology to survive life.