구매기업의 힘의 원천이 공급기업의 공정성인식, 관계몰입도 및 공급망 통합 활동에 미치는 영향
An Empirical Study of the Effects of Buyer’s Power Bases on Supplier’s Perceive Justices, Relationship Commitment, and Supply Chain Integration
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초록
공급기업과의 전략적 통합을 통해 경쟁우위를 확보하는 것은 많은 글로벌 기업들이 가지고 있는 핵심 경영 이슈이다. 이 논문에서는 구매기업들이 공급기업의 의사결정과 행동에 영향력을 행사하기 위해 사용할 수 있는 다양한 힘의 원천 (전문성/주준거성, 전통적합법성, 보상, 강제성, 법적합법성)이 공급기업의 절차공정성 및 분배공정성의 인식 수준에 영향을 준다고 가설을 설정하였다. 그리고, 이러한 공급기업의 거래공정성 인식은 공급기업의 구매기업에 대한 관계 몰입과 구매기업과의 공급망 통합을 위한 협력행위에 직접적인 영향을 준다는 가설을 설정하였다. 가설 검증을 위해서 한국의 제조기업 204개로부터 자료를 수집하였으며 구조방정식을 이용하여 분석하였다. 다양한 구매기업 힘의 원천 중에서 구매기업이 보유하고 있는 지식/기술/노하우와 기업가치/문화/철학에 대한 명성 등을 통해 공급기업의 자발적인 참여를 유도하는 것이 공급기업의 관계몰입과 공급망 통합 행위를 유도하는 가장 효과적인 방법으로 나타났다. 한편, 구매기업이 강제적으로 자신의 의지를 관철하려고 하는 경우에는 공급기업의 인지한 절차공정성 및 분배공정성이 저하되어서, 결과적으로 공급망 통합에 부정적인 영향을 끼치는 것이 실증적으로 입증되었다.
Abstract
Global firms have enjoyed relational advantage by successfully integrating resources and capabilities of suppliers across organizational boundaries. Underpinned in the social power and justice theories, this study postulates a buyer's reliance on non-mediated power bases(such as expert, referent, and legitimate powers) will improve supplier’s perceived procedural and distributive justices, which in turn will promote supplier's relational commitment and collaborative integration with the buyer. In contrast, the buyer’s heavy dependence upon rewards, coercive, and legal legitimate powers will be negatively associated with supplier's perceived justices, resulting in lower supplier commitment to and integration with the buyer. Data were collected from a total of 204 Korean manufacturing enterprises, and the hypotheses were tested using a structural equation modeling methodology. Empirical tests revealed that a buyer's expert/referent power turned out to be most significant in increasing supplier commitment toward and strengthening integration with the buyer. On the contrary, the buyer's coercive power proved to have strongly negative effects on supplier attitude and behaviors favorable to the buyer.
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