한국과 중국의 문화배경에 따른 가면무 비교 연구(탈춤과 경극을 중심으로)

Abstract

Korea and China had maintained close relations with each other since ancient times as two leading countries of East Asian cultural bloc, and there is still a close relationship between the two in terms of geopolitics and economy. It cannot be denied that Korea has been under the huge cultural and philosophical influence of China, and there are lots of cultural differences and similarities between the two. The purpose of this study was, therefore, to examine the cultural background of Korea and China and to make a comparative analysis of Korean masked dance and Chinese Peking opera, which were both masked-dance dramas in the category of popular art. After the importance of culture was discussed, the characteristics of Korean and Chinese culture, lives and art were explored to find out Sino-Korean differences and similarities. According to G. Hofstede, a researcher of cross-cultural comparison, both countries are marked by centralism and collectivistic culture, but there are differences between the two in terms of whether their culture is feminine or masculine and whether they are receptive to uncertainty or not. Overall, the two countries are homogeneous in large part. In terms of living culture, the two countries are different in clothing, specifically line, color, pattern and form. And they are different in food culture as well. Korea attaches more importance to the harmony and taste of food rather than external look, whereas China gives more weight to harmony of color, flavor and beauty. Chinese architecture is majestic and splendid, while Korean architecture is simple, plain and shows the beauty of the golden mean. In the area of art, the two nations undergo a gradual change along with political, economic and social shifts. They are in a different stage of cultural development, and their art is well grounded in unique tradition. Besides, there are significant differences in formative characteristics between the two. Specifically, Korean masked dance and Peking opera are similar in large part in terms of performing mechanism. As for differences, Korean masked dance is simple, plain and natural, and Chinese Peking opera is majestic, ornamental and gorgeous.