중국 2022년 개정 교육과정의 핵심소양에 관한 연구

Abstract

The theme of China's Curriculum Standards (2022 Edition) is to cultivate a “new generation with ideals, competencies, and responsibilities,” focusing on Chinese students’ development of core competencies. This study discusses the core competencies of talents needed in the future society as advocated in China’s ninth curriculum released in April 2022. By undergoing three curriculum reforms since entering the 21st century, China has gradually satisfied the requirements of the knowledge industrialization era. China has completed a directional shift in education reform, moving from a knowledge-oriented approach to an ability-oriented one, and then to a competencies-oriented approach. This culminated in the formation and issuance of the curriculum reform plan in 2022, which emphasizes the cultivation of core competencies as a clear goal. This reflects that China's education reforms aim to fundamentally transform the role of education in talent development and that it is also committed to constructing a strong country through education as part of achieving the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. To explore the core competencies of the 16 courses in the 2022 revised compulsory education curriculum plan, the following characteristics of the core competencies can be summarized: Firstly, it refers to the core competencies of all countries in the world on the whole, especially OECD countries, while also reflecting the current reality and long historical tradition of China, emphasizing the importance of preserving Chinese culture. Secondly, China’s previous goal of cultivating abilities based on knowledge has changed to emphasize the fundamental goal of nurturing individuals with core competencies. This change is seen as completing the fundamental task of cultivating a new generation by enhancing morality and fostering talents. Thirdly, the process of integrating the core competencies into the curriculum is the most direct and practical path to cultivating these core competencies in students. Fourthly, the practical approach to cultivating the core competencies involves a shift from the traditional knowledge-oriented curriculum to a broader approach that encompasses big concepts in each curriculum.