칼빈과 몰트만의 교회론 비교연구: 삼위일체적 측면에서

Abstract

This paper is to present a comparative study of Calvin and Moltmann's church from a trinitarian perspective. Calvin defines that the Church is God's chosen people, the body of Christ, and the temple of the Holy Spirit. Moltmann's ecclesiology is fundamentally trinitarian; the church is identified with relational trinity: God, Christ and the Holy Spirit's history in relation to the world. Moltmann emphasizes an aspect of the openness, participation, equality and love in relational trinity. Calvin understands to the church as a mystical body with Christ, in whom there is an inseparable union between believers and Christ. From Him every believer is joined and held together. For Moltmann, the church is the church of Christ. It participates in the action of the suffering and crucifixion of Christ. The church has an identity when the church participates to liberate the oppressed, by following the way of Christ in history. For Calvin the church is a pneumatological church in nature, being the temple of Holy Spirit. The Spirit is united with the Word of God as an inseparable rope. On the other hand, for Moltmann, the church is in the presence and the power of the Spirit, giving the power to participate in Christ's event in history. The Holy Spirit is the Spirit of liberation and the task for the church is to participate to free men from oppression, poverty and death. In conclusion, Calvin and Moltmann's church is a Trinitarian church. Calvin by God's chosen people, the church's identity is found in what it is. But Moltman's church of basic identity is found in what is does. His ecclesiology demands action. Both theologians emphasize Christ as the ground of the church. For Calvin, the nature of the church is the body of Christ, emphasizing the mystical union with Christ that gives an organic and vital relationship to the believers. But Moltmann describes where Christ is, the Church exists. Christ is not a limited to the church, but to all the world. In a comparative study of ecclesiology of both Calvin and Moltmann, it is suggested to the Korean Church, that first, the church should not be centered on man, but be centered on the Trinity of God. Second, the church should be Christ centered with the word, serving the poor, the oppressed, the alienated and the lowered. For as the Church is related to the works of God's providence, the Church should be on Biblical grounds as a triniterian church is one that is grounded in the relationship of the Trinity. The church should be united in Christ, because, the head of the body is only one. The church should participate in the suffering of Christ who is the head of the body, as He suffered for his church.