십자가에서 극복된 무: 칼 바르트의 새로운 신정론

Abstract

While the phenomena of evil are fundamentally experienced in the existentially concealed situation, today's theodicy must be able to deal with the injustice and evil in the political and economic areas according to the justice. But it becomes more difficult to achieve this goal, because the boundaries between good and evil are blurred. So to manifest this situation, it is necessary to find a another way to go through of transcending all ethical and philosophical attempts, which treat theodicy as a metaphysical principle, or view the problem of evil only as the limitations and contradictions occurring at the human event. It is due to the fact that the reality of evil denies the fundamental meaning of the existence of human and the world. Therefore it suggests that the discussion of evil itself goes beyond the limits of human beings and more deeply reaches at the theological level. At this point, Barth's theodicy thinking fundamentally treats all problems of evil as the problem of the “Nichtige” which has been appeared from the moment of creation as the contrary to God's will. And he explains God's domination to solve the problem of evil at the cross of Jesus Christ. Barth's theological thinking focuses on overcoming metaphysical limitations and also establishing the theological justification for God's action. Thus, by interpreting the event of cross of Jesus Christ as the revelation of God’s overcoming the death of sin and evil, he sets out theological thinking anew, Namely he does not theological thinking merely in the limits of the metaphysics, but is able to accomplish entirely new awareness of God’s revelation. It designates the victory of God against the Nothingness that is already repudiated at the moment of creation. And at the same time, the God's sovereign action revealed by the reality of the cross and resurrection is not just a action of a tyrannical monarch, but an action that saves us. And this kind of thinking emphasizes not only that the depth of evil in the world is basically a repudiated Nichtige, but also reveals that the event of self-repudiated action of Jesus at the cross is the action of God's triune existence. Thus, theodicy does not merely express the results of arbitrary God’s actions, but expresses the eternal being of God himself. At the same time, it emphasizes that the reality of God's reign is the act of promise leading us to the new hope of God’s kingdom.