3～4세기 중국으로의 使行과 入國 절차 ― 西域을 통한 중국 변경 출입을 중심으로 ―
Visiting China and Transport Networks in the 3rd～4th century
0
조회
0
다운로드
5
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
This paper focuses on the entry procedures of diplomatic envoys visiting China through the Western Regions (西域) during the 3rd and 4th century. In particular, I examine the operational aspects of the Western Regions’ transport networks based on the records of wooden slips and paper documents found in Loulan (樓蘭) and the Niya (尼雅) ruins and analyze the institutional procedures for entry in China. The transport networks formed in the Western Regions provided the diplomatic envoys who crossed the Silk Road to visit China the appropriate resources to endure a rough journey. For example, the transport network of the kingdom of Loulan reflected in the Kharoṣṭhī documents provided transportation for the ambassadors with royal command, as well as necessary food and road guides. These transport networks on the Silk Road served as an important route for travel from the west of the Pamirs to China safely during the Wei-Jin Dynasties. In order to visit China during the Wei-Jin Dynasties, specific procedures needed to be followed. It was possible to move to the interior region with the permission of the frontier ministers. Any administrative action required when a foreign envoy arrived in this region was under the command of the frontier ministers. Therefore, the cooperation of the frontier ministers was essential to facilitate the travel of foreign envoys.
Abstract
This paper focuses on the entry procedures of diplomatic envoys visiting China through the Western Regions (西域) during the 3rd and 4th century. In particular, I examine the operational aspects of the Western Regions’ transport networks based on the records of wooden slips and paper documents found in Loulan (樓蘭) and the Niya (尼雅) ruins and analyze the institutional procedures for entry in China. The transport networks formed in the Western Regions provided the diplomatic envoys who crossed the Silk Road to visit China the appropriate resources to endure a rough journey. For example, the transport network of the kingdom of Loulan reflected in the Kharoṣṭhī documents provided transportation for the ambassadors with royal command, as well as necessary food and road guides. These transport networks on the Silk Road served as an important route for travel from the west of the Pamirs to China safely during the Wei-Jin Dynasties. In order to visit China during the Wei-Jin Dynasties, specific procedures needed to be followed. It was possible to move to the interior region with the permission of the frontier ministers. Any administrative action required when a foreign envoy arrived in this region was under the command of the frontier ministers. Therefore, the cooperation of the frontier ministers was essential to facilitate the travel of foreign envoys.
참고문헌 (45)
- "史記", 中華書局 標點校勘本, ~
- "漢書", ~
- "三國志", ~
- "新唐書", ~
- "梁書", ~
- 동북아역사재단, "譯註 中國 正史 外國傳 (1-4)" (2009), 동북아역사재단
- "唐會要" (2006), 上海古籍出版社
- 劉俊文, "唐律疏議箋解" (1996), 中華書局
- 仁井田陞, "唐令拾遺補" (1997), 東京大學出版會
- 天一閣博物館, "天一閣藏明鈔本天聖令校證" (2006), 中華書局
- 侯燦, "樓蘭漢文簡紙文書集成" (1999), 天地出版社
- 榮新江, "新獲吐魯番出土文獻" (2008), 中華書局
- 中國簡牘集成編纂委員會, "中國簡牘集成" (2005), 敦煌文藝出版社
- 胡平生, "敦煌懸泉漢簡釋粹" (2001), 上海古籍出版社
- Sauvaget, Jean, "中國印度見聞錄" (1983), 中華書局
- 藤本勝次, "シナㆍインド物語" (1976), 關西大學出版部
- Abū Zayd Hasan ibn Yazīd Al-Sīrāfī, "Ancient accounts of India and China, by two Mohammedan travellers, who went to those parts in the 9th century"
- Burrow, Thomas, "A Translation of the Kharosthī Documents from Chinese Turkestan" (1940), The Royal Asiatic Society
- 黎 虎, "漢唐外交制度史" (1998), 蘭州大學出版社
- 劉文鎖, "沙海古卷釋稿" (2007), 中華書局
- 程喜霖, "唐代過所硏究" (2000), 中華書局
- 侯燦, "樓蘭漢文簡紙文書集成" (1999), 天地出版社
- 冨谷至, "流沙出土の文字資料-樓蘭ㆍ尼雅出土文書を中心に" (2001), 京都大學學術出版會
- 鈴木靖民, "梁職貢圖と東部ユ―ラシア世界" (2014), 勉誠出版
- 박근칠, "吐魯番文獻의 流散과 整理 ― ‘新材料’의 擴充 ―", 중국고중세사연구, (23), pp.351~402 (2010), 중국고중세사학회[DOI]
- 朴根七, "唐 前期 過所 發給 절차에 대한 검토-唐開元二十一年(733)唐益謙ㆍ薛光泚ㆍ康大之請過所案卷의 분석을 중심으로-", 漢城史學, 29 (2014)
- 朴根七, "唐 前期 過所 發給 관련 문서의 이해-唐開元二十一年(733)西州都督府案卷爲勘給過所事의 譯註-", 漢城史學, 30 (2015)
- 謝桂華, "중국에서 출토된 魏晉代 이후의 漢文簡紙文書와 城山山城 출토 木簡", 한국고대사연구, 19 (2000)
- 송진, "北齊 ‘西胡化’의 背景과 그 性格", 중국고중세사연구, (15), pp.197~227 (2006), 중국고중세사학회
- 張德芳, "懸泉漢簡中的“傳信簡”考述", 出土文獻硏究, 7 (2005)
- 趙化成, "中國早期長城的考古調査與硏究", 長城國際學術硏討會論文集 (1995), 吉林人民出版社
- 趙紅梅, "兩漢魏晉南北朝時期西域管理模式演變研究-以魏晉時期涼州刺史領戊己校尉護西域事爲中心", 學習與探索, 2015(8) (2015)
- 胡平生, "胡平生簡牘文物論稿" (2012), 中西書局
- 侯 燦, "魏晉西域長史治樓蘭實證-樓蘭問題駁難之一", 敦煌研究, 2001(4) (2001)
- 金秉駿, "中國古代における對外貿易のかたち-敦煌懸泉置漢簡を手掛かりとして", 東方學報, 91 (2016)
- 伊藤敏雄, "魏晉期樓蘭屯戊における水利開發と農業活動-魏晉期樓蘭屯戊の基礎的整理(三)-", 歷史研究, 28 (1991)
- 伊藤敏雄, "魏晉期樓蘭屯戍の諸活動-魏晉期樓蘭屯戍の基礎的整理(四)-", 東洋史論, 8 (1992)
- 長澤和俊, "鄯善王國の驛傳制について", オリエント, 7(2) (1965), 日本オリエント學會
- 長澤和俊, "再びカロ-シュティ-文書の年代について", 早稻田大學大學院文學研究科紀要, 22 (1976)
- 長澤和俊, "魏晉樓蘭屯戍の實態(上)", 早稻田大學大學院文学研究科紀要(哲學・史學編) (1989)
- 長澤和俊, "樓欄屯戍の實態(下)", 早稻田大學大學院文学研究科紀要(哲學・史學編) (1990)
- 長澤和俊, "樓蘭王國の起源について", 内陸アジア史研究, 12 (1997)
- 荒川正晴, "唐の州縣百姓と過所の發給-唐代過所ㆍ公驗文書箚記(1)", 史觀, 137 (1997)
- 荒川正晴, "唐朝の交通システム", 大阪大學大學院文學紀要, 40 (2000)
- Byung-joon Kim, "Trade and Tribute along the Silk Road before 3C A. D", Journal of Central Eurasian Studies, 2 (2010)