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출토자료로 본 商 遺民의 해체와 재편 ― 서주 핵심지역을 중심으로 ―

Disintegration and Reorganization of Shang yimin 商遺民 (the People of the Former Shang Dynasty) Considered Through the Unearthed Materials — Focused on the Core Areas in the Western Zhou —

김정열
중국고중세사학회 (Historical Studies Of Ancient And Medieval China)|2020.02|중국고중세사연구 (Historical Studies of Ancient and Medieval China)|제55호|pp. 1-45|DOI 10.15840/amch.2020..55.001

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참고문헌

키워드

家풍경서주사회구조周原낙양西周洛陽상 유민주원가商 遺民豊京社會結構
주제분류역사학

초록

One of the urgent tasks of the Western Zhou dynasty, which overthrew the Capital city of Shang大邑商 and became the ruler of the whole country, was to control Shang yimin (the people who were left behind after losing the Shang dynasty). In order to effectively govern the population of conquered Shang, the royal family of the Western Zhou西周 forcefully moved into areas where they can directly control. The relocated were a considerable number of residents in the core territory of the Shang dynasty and those in other places who were firmly related to them. There is no doubt that this has become a useful way to cope with the resistance of the Shang yimin. Not a few of them were forced to relocate, but they were guaranteed economic rights, and some of them became officials of the Western Zhou and served the royal family. However, the previous understanding that the resettlement of the Shang yimin was done on a clan basis needs to be re-evaluated. The Shang yimin, or at least some of them, were scattered throughout the country disassembled from the clan. Even though the Shang yimin in Feng capital豊京 shared a specific space used as their graveyards, there is no decisive basis that they were living a collective life while maintaining clan organizations. Instead, as can be seen from the case of Luoyang洛陽, members of the same clan that lived in different regions were incorporated as members of each community. A significant number of Shang yimin was also densely populated in Zhouyuan周原. However, they lived a relatively small scale of life based on ‘jia家,’ which is an extended family including immediate and sometimes collateral families, rather than collectively forming clan units. As the Shang dynasty was destroyed and the Zhou was formed, the Shang people who were disintegrated from the clan organization became part of a mixed community of multiple ‘jia’ with different origins in the core areas of the Western Zhou Dynasty. A new understanding of the mode of existence of the Shang people can be a meaningful starting point for a better understanding of structural changes that have taken place throughout society in the Western Zhou period. Therefore, it is necessary to continuously carry out a more in-depth study of the mode of existence of the Shang yimin in the Western Zhou dynasty.

Abstract

One of the urgent tasks of the Western Zhou dynasty, which overthrew the Capital city of Shang大邑商 and became the ruler of the whole country, was to control Shang yimin (the people who were left behind after losing the Shang dynasty). In order to effectively govern the population of conquered Shang, the royal family of the Western Zhou西周 forcefully moved into areas where they can directly control. The relocated were a considerable number of residents in the core territory of the Shang dynasty and those in other places who were firmly related to them. There is no doubt that this has become a useful way to cope with the resistance of the Shang yimin. Not a few of them were forced to relocate, but they were guaranteed economic rights, and some of them became officials of the Western Zhou and served the royal family. However, the previous understanding that the resettlement of the Shang yimin was done on a clan basis needs to be re-evaluated. The Shang yimin, or at least some of them, were scattered throughout the country disassembled from the clan. Even though the Shang yimin in Feng capital豊京 shared a specific space used as their graveyards, there is no decisive basis that they were living a collective life while maintaining clan organizations. Instead, as can be seen from the case of Luoyang洛陽, members of the same clan that lived in different regions were incorporated as members of each community. A significant number of Shang yimin was also densely populated in Zhouyuan周原. However, they lived a relatively small scale of life based on ‘jia家,’ which is an extended family including immediate and sometimes collateral families, rather than collectively forming clan units. As the Shang dynasty was destroyed and the Zhou was formed, the Shang people who were disintegrated from the clan organization became part of a mixed community of multiple ‘jia’ with different origins in the core areas of the Western Zhou Dynasty. A new understanding of the mode of existence of the Shang people can be a meaningful starting point for a better understanding of structural changes that have taken place throughout society in the Western Zhou period. Therefore, it is necessary to continuously carry out a more in-depth study of the mode of existence of the Shang yimin in the Western Zhou dynasty.

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