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중국 동북 지역 좀돌날생산체계의 출현과 뼈손잡이돌날칼(骨柄石刃刀)의 기능 탐색

The emergence of a micro-blade production system in North-East China and function of composite tools

박성진
중국고중세사학회 (Historical Studies Of Ancient And Medieval China)|2024.02|중국고중세사연구 (Historical Studies of Ancient and Medieval China)|제71호|pp. 1-41|DOI 10.15840/amch.2024..71.001

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참고문헌

키워드

기술좀돌날위세품생업경제뼈손잡이돌날칼小石叶生业经济骨柄石刃刀技术奢侈品
주제분류역사학

초록

Currently, research on Chinese micro-lithics has moved away from the early formal taxonomic and phylogenetic studies to explore a variety of research topics. As a result of these studies, it is no longer possible to categorize the micro-lithic culture as a hunter-gatherer or nomadic culture. It turns out that prehistoric societies from the Late Paleolithic to the Late Neolithic had a spectrum of subsistence economy. The challenge is to empirically determine the specific place of stone tools in these various socio-economic systems and how they functioned. Recent studies have shown that in northern China after the LGM, as the proportion of animal food resources decreased and plant food resources were emphasized in response to global environmental changes, there was selective protection and management of wild cereals, including millet. In this process, the nature of society gradually changed from a mobile hunter-gatherer society to a sedentary agricultural society, and three technological innovations (micro-blades, grindstones, and potteries) occurred. One of the late Pleistocene innovations, the micro-blade, is produced to make a composite-tools. In the past, there has been a strong tendency to make assumptions about the function of the composite-tools without considering their social context. However, in order to understand the function and purpose of a particular tool, we need to know how it relates to other tools, and we need to approach it in its social context. This study examines the function of the composite-tools from this perspective, and the analysis shows that from the Late Pleistocene to the Late Neolithic, the composite-tools in Northeast China changed from mobile simple hunter-gatherer societies to sedentary complex hunter-gatherer societies to early agricultural societies to late agricultural societies to nomadic societies, and the main functions of the composite-tools changed accordingly, including hunting tools, agricultural tools, and ritual tools. Thus, the composite-tools in Northeast China are an archaeological example of how social change and technological change are closely interconnected, and how ostentatious imitation competition can greatly influence not only technological development but also technological regression.

Abstract

Currently, research on Chinese micro-lithics has moved away from the early formal taxonomic and phylogenetic studies to explore a variety of research topics. As a result of these studies, it is no longer possible to categorize the micro-lithic culture as a hunter-gatherer or nomadic culture. It turns out that prehistoric societies from the Late Paleolithic to the Late Neolithic had a spectrum of subsistence economy. The challenge is to empirically determine the specific place of stone tools in these various socio-economic systems and how they functioned. Recent studies have shown that in northern China after the LGM, as the proportion of animal food resources decreased and plant food resources were emphasized in response to global environmental changes, there was selective protection and management of wild cereals, including millet. In this process, the nature of society gradually changed from a mobile hunter-gatherer society to a sedentary agricultural society, and three technological innovations (micro-blades, grindstones, and potteries) occurred. One of the late Pleistocene innovations, the micro-blade, is produced to make a composite-tools. In the past, there has been a strong tendency to make assumptions about the function of the composite-tools without considering their social context. However, in order to understand the function and purpose of a particular tool, we need to know how it relates to other tools, and we need to approach it in its social context. This study examines the function of the composite-tools from this perspective, and the analysis shows that from the Late Pleistocene to the Late Neolithic, the composite-tools in Northeast China changed from mobile simple hunter-gatherer societies to sedentary complex hunter-gatherer societies to early agricultural societies to late agricultural societies to nomadic societies, and the main functions of the composite-tools changed accordingly, including hunting tools, agricultural tools, and ritual tools. Thus, the composite-tools in Northeast China are an archaeological example of how social change and technological change are closely interconnected, and how ostentatious imitation competition can greatly influence not only technological development but also technological regression.

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