二里崗 商 제국론의 허와 실
Was the Erligang Civilization an empire?
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The purpose of this study is to examine Robert Bagley and Wang Haicheng's discourses on the ‘Erligang Empire’. Archaeologically, Erligang culture sites are found throughout China. The wide distribution of the Erligang material culture can be inferred from the pounded-earth walls, building foundations, and bronze vessels. Based on this cultural homogeneity of the Erligang period China, Bagley and Wang Haicheng assumed that the Erligang Shang was an empire created through the conquest. Since Bagley and Wang Haicheng proposed the term ‘Shang/Erligang Empire’ to Western academia, it is necessary to examine the meaning of the concept of empire in the West. The empire is a multi-ethnic state with vast territory and was built through conquest, establishing a dominant-subordinate relationship between the core and periphery. However, we know almost nothing about the distribution of military power or the nature of the political landscape within the interaction zone including Erligang and its periphery. Also, there are virtually no records in traditional historiography suggesting the imperial expansion of the Erligang, in contrast to the memory of Akkad's military expeditions handed down to later Mesopotamians. There is no reason why the method of explaining the huge spread of culture is necessarily imperial conquest. Widespread similarities in material culture may exist in any context in the absence of political unity. The cultural development of China in the Early Bronze Age would have been the product of the interaction between the Erligang culture and their neighboring polities, rather than the product of homogeneous, militaristic expansion.
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to examine Robert Bagley and Wang Haicheng's discourses on the ‘Erligang Empire’. Archaeologically, Erligang culture sites are found throughout China. The wide distribution of the Erligang material culture can be inferred from the pounded-earth walls, building foundations, and bronze vessels. Based on this cultural homogeneity of the Erligang period China, Bagley and Wang Haicheng assumed that the Erligang Shang was an empire created through the conquest. Since Bagley and Wang Haicheng proposed the term ‘Shang/Erligang Empire’ to Western academia, it is necessary to examine the meaning of the concept of empire in the West. The empire is a multi-ethnic state with vast territory and was built through conquest, establishing a dominant-subordinate relationship between the core and periphery. However, we know almost nothing about the distribution of military power or the nature of the political landscape within the interaction zone including Erligang and its periphery. Also, there are virtually no records in traditional historiography suggesting the imperial expansion of the Erligang, in contrast to the memory of Akkad's military expeditions handed down to later Mesopotamians. There is no reason why the method of explaining the huge spread of culture is necessarily imperial conquest. Widespread similarities in material culture may exist in any context in the absence of political unity. The cultural development of China in the Early Bronze Age would have been the product of the interaction between the Erligang culture and their neighboring polities, rather than the product of homogeneous, militaristic expansion.
참고문헌 (44)
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