협동조합의 협력적 공급사슬 구축 방식- 아이쿱 생활협동조합의 사례
A Research on Co-operatives’ Approach to Create a Collaborative Supply Chain - A Case Study on iCOOP Korea
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협력적 공급사슬은 공급사슬 진화의 가장 발전된 형태이며, 지속가능한 공급사슬 구축에 효과적인 방법이기도 하다. 그러나 현실에서는 협력적 공급사슬을 구축하기가 쉽지 않은데 이는 거래 당사자 간의 신뢰와 협력의 문화 부족에서 기인한 바가 크다. 특히 기존 경영학에서 주로 다루는 주식회사는 건전한 경쟁을 바탕으로 활동하는 것을 근본 토대로 삼기 때문에 경쟁보다 협력을 우선하기가 어렵다. 그러나 태생적으로 협동과 협력을 기반으로 성장한 협동조합은 협력적 공급사슬 구축의 관점에서 주식회사와는 다른 시사점을 준다. 본 연구는 협동조합이 협력적 공급사슬을 구축하는 데 장점을 지닌다는 것을 보이는 것을 목적으로 한다. 이를 위해 먼저 이론적 관점에서 협동조합이 왜 협력적 공급사슬을 구축하는 데 적합한지를 설명했다. 여기에는 협동조합의 원칙과 가치, 거래비용 이론, 공급사슬 신뢰구축의 요인 등에 대한 이론적 연구가 사용되었다. 다음으로 한국의 소비자협동조합 중 매출액 기준으로 가장 규모가 큰 아이쿱생협을 대상으로 사례 연구를 수행하여, 실제로 소비자협동조합이 신뢰를 형성하고 협력적 공급사슬을 구축하기 위해 어떠한 방법을 사용하고 있는지를 보였다. 아이쿱생협의 설립 동기는 안전한 먹거리를 소비자에게 공급하면서 동시에 농가의 판로를 확보하는 것에 있었다. 이에 따라 이들은 생산자와 최종 소비자가 긴밀히 협력하고 있는 사업방식을 취하고 있는데, 이는 협력적 공급사슬관리의 좋은 사례라고 할 수 있다. 우리는 특히 아이쿱생협이 사용하고 있는 판매대행제, 수매선수금, 조합비/조합원 제도 등의 정책을 분석하고 이들이 공급사슬 협력에 어떤 방식으로 도움을 주고 있는지를 분석하였다.
Abstract
Collaborative supply chain management is the most evolving form of supply chain management (SCM) and an effective tool for building sustainable SCM. Nevertheless, it is difficult to build a collaborative supply chain owing to a lack of trust and culture of cooperation among supply chain members. Corporations may find it difficult to prioritize cooperation because their activities are fundamentally based on competition. In contrast, co-operatives have been formed and developed naturally based on cooperation. We believe that the long-term success of co-operatives can be attributed to their inherent characteristics that facilitate the development of a collaborative supply chain. In this context, this study aims to demonstrate that cooperative business models have tremendous potential to create a collaborative supply chain. We first explore the theoretical aspects, such as the fundamental structure and principles of co-operatives, transaction cost theory, and trust for supply chain cooperation, to demonstrate the strength of co-operatives. Thereafter, based on a case study on iCOOP, the largest consumers’ co-operative in Korea, we show that the management policies of co-operatives enable supply chain partners to build trust in a collaborative supply chain.
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