북한 실화문학의 천리마기수 전형 형상화 양상 연구: 희곡 <붉은 선동원>의 경우

Abstract

This paper investigates the intricate process by which authentic literature, the genre of socialist realism, is molded into the Cheollima rider narrative, a paragon based on the true story of the Cheollima riders. Moreover, it examines how the process developed concerning internalizing the collectivist education pursued in North Korea. Therefore, the study delves into Cho Baek-ryeong's 1961 play <Red Agitator>, which was adapted and created based on the true story of Lee Shin Ja, a well-known Cheollima rider. The literature genre, which generally known as ‘authentic literature’ in North Korea was, originated from Ocherk (ОЧерк). Ocherk was first introduced in 1952 from Lee Hyoun’s “On Literary Genre Ocherk - Focusing on Creation Method,” published in 『Literature and Arts』. Lee Hyoun promotes that Ocherk should convey what has been created and inherited using socialist realism and that it should be actively created even in North Korea.Kim Il Sung also cited Cheollima riders as heroes of the times. To nurture such heroes, on November 27, 1960, he encouraged the creation of the authentic literature of Cheollima riders from “A Talk with Writers, Composers, and Film Workers—LET US CREATE LITERATURE AND ART SUITABLE TO THE CHEOLLIMA AGE” as authentic literature. Afterward, the works of literature that embody the Cheollima riders as paragons were published in full swing. The creation of authentic literature was actively encouraged in North Korea, as it served as a tool for communist education. This was particularly crucial during the time of the Cheollima movement, when collective labor was a key focus. The real-life impact of this initiative was significant, as it aimed to internalize collectivism in people by transforming the true story of Cheollima riders, who had a positive influence on the characters in socialist production relations, into art. The author, Cho Baek-ryeong, could not create the work into a dramatic composition of a full-length play in the time of non-antagonistic contradiction in the 1960s. Therefore, he created <Red Agitator>, breaking out the established ‘framework.’ The story is not composed of a single dramatic conflict. Sunock goes through the process of persuading and solving conflicts of 3 characters – Boksun, Gwanpil, and Jinoh, respectively. Sunock, the main character of the story <Red Agitator>, educates and converts the three characters – the liberalist Boksun, young gangster Gwanpil, and egoist Jinoh. Sunock sacrifices and devotes herself to making them realize their mistakes, and she does it successfully. Likewise, Sunock is represented as the paragon of an educated hero in the play. Sunock's conduct in the play is revealed as the agitator leading the Cheollima work-team movement during that time. Sunock internalizes collectivist education so that individuals can return to the group and do communist labor. The character who was once negative about communists returns to the group, leading the village to a good harvest. Collectivism is internalized in people to allow conscious and voluntary labor.