기질의 문제로 본 퇴계와 율곡의 수양론

Abstract

Between Toegye and Yulgok, there exist many differences in their philosophy. Most of all, the problem with disposition in the aspect of Liqi theory and the theory of psychology shows the biggest difference. In the basic principle of Zhuxi's Neo-confucianism, 'Li and Qi are not able to separated or mingled'. Toegye specifically emphasized 'Li and Qi are not mingled.' and separated Four-Seven with Human mind and Moral mind. Thus, Toegye insisted on active role of Li. Accordingly, Toegye established moral cultivation that the embodiment of nature of heaven rather than direct treatment of nature. On the other hand, Yulgok's thought drew the theory of self-cultivation that focuses to change of disposition instead of experiencing direct embodiment of Li. About the disposition itself, Toegye considered that the already established disposition seemed to be difficult to change. On the other hand, Yulgok considered that the disposition is able to regain its original condition through temperament rectification, because of pure clarity. Toegye thought that qi from the phase of the creation was not in order, there was not only purely clear but also cloudy in order. Meanwhile, qi is more clear in original condition and unlike other beings, humans are naturally resilient and are able to regain its purity in Yulgok's view. According to Toegye, it is not possible for the nature to be changed. Becoming a sage is only achieved in direct and personal embodiment. On the other hand, Yulgok believed that one can make a vast difference through the changes of one's disposition. Thus, the theory of 'Toegye' and 'Yulgok' concerning the nature of the moral cultivation seems to be incompatible. However, considering the fact that the two figures share the same scholarly goal, the two different views in those theories will be able to complement the other.