외암ㆍ남당 호락논변의 개념구조 검토

Abstract

Woiam(巍巖) and Namdang(南塘) have conflicting views in the Ho-rak discourse because they differed in their conceptual structure (logical structure) from the Zhuzixue interpretation of the subject of the discourse. Woiam emphasizes the aspects of li-yi(理一) and litong(理通), and pays attention to ‘fundamental nature’ from the point of view of ‘li(理) = nature(性)’. For this reason, he insists on the original good of inmulseongdong(人物性同) and ‘unaroused mind itself(未發心體)’, and places the cause of good and evil mainly on whether or not the disposition is pure or impure. This argument of Woiam is evaluated as an attempt to secure the ‘foundation of human morality’. On the other hand, Namdang emphasizes the aspect of fen-shu(分殊) and gikuk(氣局), and pays attention to ‘intrinsic nature’(the ‘intrinsic nature’ of each human and lives except human) from the perspective of 'li ≠ nature' (nature is li in the qi(氣)). For this reason, he insists on inmulseongyi(人物性異) and the coexistence of good and evil in the disposition of the unaroused mind itself. This argument of Namdang emphasizes the ‘foundation of human nobility(numinosity)’ as a moral subject distinct from ‘other beings except human[物]’. The opposing arguments of Woiam and Namdang have something in common in many respects at the same time. As the Ho-rak discourse was a large-scale argument that lasted for a long time, there are various evaluations of its ideological significance. However, the conceptual structure of the Ho-rak discourse between Woiam and Namdang, which discussed the ontological ‘sameness’ and ‘difference’ of humans and other beings except human with a focus on morality, within the scope of the Zhuzixue theory, seems like to have clear limitations in view of modern world perception. However, among recent research achievements, it can be seen that there are not a few studies that analyze modern problems by borrowing the ideological framework of the Ho-rak discourse. This research result is an example that shows that the conceptual structure of the Ho-rak discourse opens up the possibility of giving a modern meaning depending on the point of view and the way of interpretation in discussing the essence of humans and other beings except human.