정조대 춘‧추도기 운영 연구

Abstract

This study focuses on revealing the characteristics of the operation of ChunChuDogi(春‧秋到記) during King Jeongjo's reign(1776-1800) by examining the rules and the procedures. ChunChuDogi was one of SeonggyungwanGuasi(成均館課試), which was organized and conducted after King Jeongjo ascended. It consisted of the oral test of Confucian Classics and the written test of literary style. It was administered biannually; one day during the spring and autumn. One or two days before ChunChuDogi would be administered, King Jeongjo would order the cafeteria list(Dogi, 到記) brought to him from Seonggyungwan(成均館). Seven examiners oversaw the oral test and seven different examiners oversaw the written test. The Basic examinees were Saengwon‧Jinsa and Yuhak(幼學) in Seonggyungwan and Yuhak in its four-affiliated schools(四學). The representatives of its four-affiliated schools as well as the representatives of Seonggyungwan could take ChunChuDogi during the sixth year of King Jeongjo's reign(1782). The book for the oral test was one of three Confucian Classics(三經) chosen by the King. King Jeongo often selected 『the Book of Odes(詩經)』 and 『the book of Documents(書經)』. For the written test, King Jeongo often personally set the question. The questions were mainly Pyo(表)‧Chaek(策)‧Jeon(箋) which were determined to be the most effective at selecting individuals who would be best able to serve the country. The written test produced the highest number of top scoring students who were able to claim the best benefits(直赴殿試). But, in contrast, the oral test produced the most students in total who were able to claim benefits of any kind. During King Jeongjo's reign, Saengwon‧Jinsa were good at the written test while Yuhak were good at the oral test. This was due to their duties. King Jeongjo did not make adjustments to ChunChuDogi to address this issue. King Jeonjo focused on using ChunChuDogi to find talented individuals who were good at the oral test and the written test.