15세기 발라드의 시학과 시인의 의도
Poetics of Ballad in the Fifteenth Century and Poet’s Intention
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본 연구는 흔히 ‘제2의 수사학’으로 통칭되는 15세기 시학의 특징을중세 시학의 흐름 안에서 파악하고, 중세 후기 시인들의 구체적인 시적실천의 면면을 짚어보는 데 주안점을 두었다. 이를 위해, 연구자는 우선프랑수아 비용의 「프랑스의 적들에 대한 발라드」와 관련된 논의에서 출발했으며, 비용과 대수사파 시인들의 공통점을 파악하는 한편 중세 후기시학과 실제 작품 사이의 관련성 여부를 따져볼 필요가 있다는 점을 확인하였다. 두 번째로는 14∼15세기에 가장 성행했던 정형시인 발라드의주요 특징들을 기욤 드 마쇼, 외스타슈 데샹, 크리스틴 드 피장, 샤를 도를레앙 등의 작가들을 중심으로 검토하였으며, 마지막으로는 15세기 시인이자 대귀족이었던 샤를 도를레앙의 개인 문집(필사본 BNF ms fr 25458)에 수록된 ‘블루아 시연의 발라드’ 11편을 검토하였다. 공통된 첫 줄로 시작하며 역설적인 내용으로 이루어진 11편의 발라드들이 구체적으로 어떤 특징들을 보이는지를 검토하였으며, 그 과정에서 중세 시학에서 강조되었던 발라드의 형식 및 각운의 문제 등을 간략하게 짚어 보았다.
Abstract
This study mainly focuses on examining the process of synchronic change in medieval poeticsas a whole and on looking at the intentions and characteristics of late medieval poetics,commonly referred to as ‘art of second rhetoric.’ In these considerations, we paid attention tograsping what correlations exist between medieval poetics and actual poetic practices at thattime, and what meaningful differentiation can be derived. First, we tried to find out the similarities between Villon and Grand Rhétoriqueursthrough a review of previous studies related to the François Villon’s Ballad against the enemiesof France, and also examined the relationship between late medieval poetics and actual poetryworks of that period. Second, we reviewed the characteristics of the ballad, the most populargenre in the 14th and 15th centuries, focusing on writers such as Guillaume de Machaut,Eustache Deschamps, Christine de Pizan, and Charles d’Orléans. Third, we compared and reviewedthe ballads contained in the personal manuscript (manuscript BNF ms. fr. 25458) ofthe Duke Charles d’Orléans. We reviewed the specific characteristics of the eleven ballads,commonly referred to as ‘Ballade du concours de Blois’, which were written using Charlesd’Orléans’s ballad as a model and began with a common first line, and briefly pointed out theproblems of the form and rhyme of ballads that were emphasized in late medieval poetics.
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