조선 후기 鴨綠江과 柵門사이 封禁 地帶에 대한 역사·지리적 인식

Abstract

The objective of this study was to survey the historical and geographical perception of the Chosun envoys’route from the Yalu River in Euijubu(義州府) to Zahmen(柵門) and, by doing so, to deepen the understanding of the opposite side in the lower reaches of the Yalu River, which has been studied relatively less. In this paper, Chapter Ⅱ presented the finding that, reaching Euijubu, the current of the Yalu River is divided into three streams, Aprok River(鴨綠江), Jung River(中江), and Sam River(三江), by islands in the middle of the river. In addition, according to old maps, Yongmanji(龍灣誌), etc., some of islands in the middle of the Aprok River were inhabited and cultivated, and even guarded by Chosun soldiers all the year round. Accordingly, the land across the Jung River was perceived an uninhabited land. Chapter Ⅲ examined the historical and cultural perception of the Chosun envoys’route across the Aprok River and throughout the Off-limits Zone. The crossing of the Aprok River was slightly different according to season and weather. The departure point was the Guryongyeon(九龍淵) Ferry to the northeast of Euijubu, and the arrival point was Jiuliancheng(九連城). Then, the Chosun envoy arrived in Zahmen via Tangzhan(湯站). Chosun people expressed a feeling of intimacy, thinking that the mountains and rivers in the region were not much different from those in their homeland. This intimacy was associated with their history that the area around Jiuliancheng, Zahmen and Fenghuangcheng(鳳凰城) had been Guknaeseong(國內城) or Ansiseong(安市城) of the Goguryo(高句麗) Dynasty. Chapter Ⅳ studied the situation and historical perception of Zahmen, the first gateway to willow walls(柳條邊), and Zahmen village. Zahmen was a practical boundary gate between Chosun and Qing where entrance and departure were reported and goods passed the customs. Zahmen village was a border town that prospered in trade thanks to the Chosun envoys’frequent coming and going. In the city, Chosun people could feel realistically the cultural difference between Chosun and Qing. On the contrary, however, this became a firm background supporting the perception that the Off-limits Zone, a borderland belonging neither to Chosun nor to Qing, was included in their territory historically and culturally. After all, the Chosun society’s heightened interest in the northern region since the mid 18th century was a consequence of such historical and cultural perception of the Off-limits zone and economic exchange with the area.