기후변화와 동북아시아 고고문화의 변천- 燕山 南北 지역을 중심으로 -
Climate Change and the Transition of Ancient Cultures in the Yanshan Area in Northeast Asia
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This paper investigates and describes the role of climate change in the vicissitude of ancient cultures through examination of climate changes in the Holocene megathermal period (BCE 6500-1000) and the vicissitude of the ancient cultures in the southern and northern areas of the Yanshan area in China. There were several climate changes in the Yanshan area during the Holocene megathermal period. In particular, climate change during periods of sudden falls in temperature triggered the decline of the existing cultures and the advent of the succeeding new cultures. During the so-called megathermal periods, changes between cold and warm climates occurred several times. And during the times between the changes, specifically BCE 6000-5000, BCE 4500-3000(3500), and BCE 2500-1500 (1000), the climate provided one of the best environments in which humans could reside. However, the advent and decline of the archeological cultures in the Yanshan area, such as the Xinglongwa culture, the Zhaobaogou culture, the Hongshan culture, the Xiaoheyan culture, the Xiajiadian xiaceng culture, and the Xiajiadian shangceng, followed after the climate changes during the Holocene period. Specifically, in chronological order, Xinglongwa culture was replaced by the Zhaobaogou culture, which was replaced by the Hongshan culture,which was replaced by the Xiaoheyan culture, which was replaced by the Xiajiadian xiaceng culture, which was replaced by the Xiajiadian shangceng culture. Undoubtedly the most important roles in the advent and decline of civilizations are those of humans. However, the climate is a critical variable to the advent and decline in the environment for a civilization. In other words, there are strong correlations between the changes in ecosystems by climate and the changes in archeological cultures. And it may be thought that sudden climate changes trigger the decline of the existing cultures and the advent of the succeeding new cultures.
Abstract
This paper investigates and describes the role of climate change in the vicissitude of ancient cultures through examination of climate changes in the Holocene megathermal period (BCE 6500-1000) and the vicissitude of the ancient cultures in the southern and northern areas of the Yanshan area in China. There were several climate changes in the Yanshan area during the Holocene megathermal period. In particular, climate change during periods of sudden falls in temperature triggered the decline of the existing cultures and the advent of the succeeding new cultures. During the so-called megathermal periods, changes between cold and warm climates occurred several times. And during the times between the changes, specifically BCE 6000-5000, BCE 4500-3000(3500), and BCE 2500-1500 (1000), the climate provided one of the best environments in which humans could reside. However, the advent and decline of the archeological cultures in the Yanshan area, such as the Xinglongwa culture, the Zhaobaogou culture, the Hongshan culture, the Xiaoheyan culture, the Xiajiadian xiaceng culture, and the Xiajiadian shangceng, followed after the climate changes during the Holocene period. Specifically, in chronological order, Xinglongwa culture was replaced by the Zhaobaogou culture, which was replaced by the Hongshan culture,which was replaced by the Xiaoheyan culture, which was replaced by the Xiajiadian xiaceng culture, which was replaced by the Xiajiadian shangceng culture. Undoubtedly the most important roles in the advent and decline of civilizations are those of humans. However, the climate is a critical variable to the advent and decline in the environment for a civilization. In other words, there are strong correlations between the changes in ecosystems by climate and the changes in archeological cultures. And it may be thought that sudden climate changes trigger the decline of the existing cultures and the advent of the succeeding new cultures.
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