조선초기 울릉도ㆍ독도 관리정책

Abstract

Ulleungdo and Dokdo belonged to the islets of Ulljinhyeon, Samsheokdohobu, Gangwondo in Joseon period. But there were no Gun and Hyeon people recorded in a census registration, no tribute, and no governor to manage. This is how people fled into Ulleungdo to avoid labor from the land were constantly happened. Under no defensive position, or defensive measures about Japanese invaders of circumstances, if the labor evaders fled into Ulleungdo were expanded, Japanese invaders were brought into the island. If the Japanese took the laborers to power resources, they would invade Gangwondo. To establish a counter plan about the labor evaders treatment of Ulleungdo and defensive measure to Japanese invaders, discussions of establishing Eup were in the 16th~17th year of King Taejong and in the 18th~19th year of King Sejong. In the case of the 16th~17th year of King Taejong, the general situation was that Mureung residents weren’t brought out(Swaechul), given the five grains and farming tools to settle down their livelihood. It would be good to send the governor and set the tribute. But if the government did that, the residents would escape to the other place because they fled into the island to avoid the labor. Because of this contention, it was taken action of ‘Swaechul’measure through the detachment of Anchalsa(a provincial governor). In the case of the 18th~19th year of King Sejong, Yugueman, who was a Kangwon inspector, insisted the town relocation two times. Chieup(the town relocation) wouldn’t happen because of the public opinion. It was far from the land and there were severe wind and wave, Joseon would get through the numerous troubles. But King Sejong told that it would be difficult to establish Hyeon, place the local governor, and move and fill the people with the unavoidable circumstances. So if people were sent to search the inside of the island, or picked the local products, or made the horse ranches every year, Japanese invaders considered as the land of the great nation and they wouldn’t think to check secretly. According to this, ‘Sunsimgyeongchagwan’was dispatched next year. Anmusa and Sunsimgyeongchagwan were sent to Ulleungdo, but there weren’t permanently stationed local officials. There were two discussions to establish Eup, but it fell through at last. So the expenses of sending Anmusa and Sunsimgueongchagwan were paid by Kangwondo which was under the jurisdiction of Ulleungdo and Uljinhyeon, Samcheokdohobu. When Kiminu as Usanmurengdengcheon Anmusa was sent to Ullengdo, he ordered Kangwondo governor to give two warships and go with the selected man of ability between the Manho and Cheonho of naval forces within the province. The expenses of foragers, arms, and food were paid by Kangwondo because Ullengdo and Dokdo were subordinated to Kangwondo. Especially, weapons of war and fire arms supplied with the possession at the public office around Samcheok, Uljin, Pyeonghae in Kangwondo, provisions were filled up with grains of Uljin’ warehouse by Kangwondo governor figured out the total number of people and how many days it takes to come back. Swaechul measure and Sunsim policy in the early of Joseon were the actions to confirm that ‘Ulleungdo and Dokdo are our land’. To this, the government sent Anmusa and Sunsimgyeongchagwan. And, establishing Eup didn’t work in Ulleungdo, so there were no people recorded in a census registration, no tribute. Because lawbreakers fled into the island to avoid the labor from the land, ‘Swaechul’ measure carried out to impose the labor on them taking out to the mainland. As a result of this, Ullengdo just became the empty island. There are people who have wrong points of view that Ullengdo is the representative example, which the islands in Joseon period enforced ‘Gongdo’policy, so, in principle, they were not the ruling objects which King management and protection reached, and also, they were eliminated the administrative formation.