동북한 청동기시대 형성과정 - 연해주와 연변 고고자료의 비교를 통해서 -

Abstract

Eastern North Korea entered the Bronze era at the end of 3500 B.P. While the Xingsheng and Margarinovka cultures represent the Bronze era of Yanbian and Primorsky respectively, the second period of Hogok or, the firth Hogok and the fifth period of Seopohang are the representative cultures of the Bronze era of eatern North Korea. The Margarinovka culture is divided into the first and second assemblages according to the characteristics of ceramics. The Xingsheng culture has been reported as the third assemblage. But this study re-defines the first and second phases as the first assemblage,and the third phase which saw the appearance of large ceramics as the second assemblage. 1 dwelling of Hogok, the fifth and sixth phases of Seopohang, the firth bronze period of Songpyedong and the firth bronze period of Odong are characterized by two-folded rims of bolws. And all of them share the same features of two-folded rims + red burnished ceramics,two-folded rims and red burnished , which can be identified as a specific assemblage (the first assemblage of eastern North Korea). The 7-1 phase of Seophohang and the second phase of Songpyedong consist of two-folded rims and red burnished pottery but witnessed the disappearance of of two-folded rims + red burnished ceramics. The phases are defined as the second assemblage since around this time red burnished pot appears and there seem to be difference of periods from the sixth period of Seophohang. The 4 dwelling of Odong is considered as the third assemblage in that it features not only two-folded and banded around rims of bolws ceramics but also large ceramics whose bottom is much smaller compared to its body. The site of Odong is divided into the first phase of the Bronze era of Odong (dwelling 8, 1, 2, 7), and the second phase of the Bronze era of Odong (dwelling 4). The first phase is similar with the Margarinovka culture while the second phase share similar features with the Xingsheng culture. Through the comparison with the existing sites, the archaeological culture of the Bronze era of earstern North Korea can be identified as ‘the Bronze culture of Odong’. Although the red burnished ceramics of the Bronze culture of Odong and Margarinovka culture have different form of ceramics, the two cultures appear to have begun around the same time and their Bronze cultures consider to have succeeded the Neolithic era since they share the same origin of pottery with lighting design ceramics of the late Neolithic era. The first assemblage of the Bronze culture of Odong seems to have begun in the same chronology of 3500 B.P. with the Margarinovka culture. Considering the chronology of the Anuchino-Sinigaye-Soborobo culture (3000 B.P.) and of the Liutingtong assemblage (3100 B.P.), its chronological period is no earlier than 3000 B.P. In addition, unlike the Bronze ages of other rigions of eastern North Korea, this site does not show Liaoning bronze dagger and its Bronze period is relatively short. However, if the time that the excavated Bronze remains belong to marks the beginning of the Bronze age, it is fair to say that it is “the period of transition = the period of beginng”that lasted from 300 to 400 years. The period is defined by a particular type of ceramics that are much developed compared to those of the Neolithic era, and are made by totaly diffent technique from those of the Neolithic age.