이온교환수지를 이용한 고구려 고분벽화의 백색오염물질 제거에 관한 연구
Using Ion Exchange Resin to Remove White Crust from the Wall Paintings of Koguryo Tombs
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초록
고구려 고분벽화에 나타나는 표면오염물질은 갈색과 백색을 띠고 반투명에서 불투명한 형태로 벽화의 표면에 형성되어 있다. 진파리 4호분에서 수습된 시료를 SEM-EDX로 구성성분을 조사하여 백색오염물질의 주성분이 석회인 것이 확인되었다. 선행연구를 바탕으로 제작한 시편을 대상으로 5종의 이온교환수지와 벽화의 표면세척용으로 사용되는 AB57을 이용해서 백색오염물질을 제거하는 적용실험을 실시하였다. 적용실험 결과 안료층위에 형성되어 있는 백색오염물질을 제거할 경우에는 안료층이 손상되지 않도록 적용시간에 대한 조절이 필요한 것으로 확인되었다. AB57은 이온교환수지들과 비교할 때 월등한 세척력을 보이지 않았을 뿐만 아니라 안료와의 반응성을 고려할 때 안료층 위에 형성되어 있는 백색오염물질의 제거에는 적절치 않음이 확인 되었다. 적용실험에 사용된 이온교환수지인 SR7과 CNP80이 제거효과가 큰 것으로 확인 되어 피각의 완전 제거를 전제로 하지 않고 물리적인 제거 방법과 병행해서 처리한다면 안전하고 효과적인 제거작업을 할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.
Abstract
A wall painting is composed of the structure that forms the ancient tomb, lime-plastered wall, and colored layer and is painted on the wall of a tomb room built underground or semi-underground. The structure is covered with earth even if the ancient tomb with a wall painting is built above ground so that the wall painting is exposed to low temperature and high humidity like those in the ancient tombs built underground or semi-underground. In those environments, a wall painting in an ancient tomb is damaged by water-soluble salt. Salt with high solubility causes the lamination or exfoliation of the colored layer or wall, and the salt with low solubility is accumulated on the surface of the wall painting as contaminants, thus making it difficult to recognize the contents of the wall painting. However, they are eventually laminated together with the colored layers or the wall. This study examined the results of the existing studies on the water-soluble salt and surface contaminants that appear on the wall paintings of Koguryo, reviews the results of pigment analysis, and selects the measures that can be applied practically based on the review and consideration of existing studies and the related cases with respect to the removal of surface contaminants Specimens were designed on the basis of the results of the study pertaining to the surface contaminants and pigment, and the selected processing method was applied to the specimens. From the test of the washing power ability, conducted by using AB57 (distilled water, (NH4)HCO3, NaHCO3, Desogen, and Carboxil methyl cellulose mixture) and ion exchange resin, which was effective in removing surface contaminants and proven effective in the existing studies, it was found that SR7 and CNP80, the anion exchange resin,were confirmed to be the most effective. If processed for a long time, however, ion exchange resin was found to give damage to the lime-plastered wall, which includes lime, as well as containments. Therefore, special care needs to be taken in using the ion exchange resin. However, it was found that ion exchange resin may have a positive effect in removing contaminants if the processing time is adjusted appropriately and the processing is carried out together with the method of physical removal.
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