1872년 일본 화륜선의 왜관 입항

Abstract

Meiji Japan wanted to handle Joseon as a dependency, and wanted the Waegwan(倭館) to be its area command base. However, Joseon naturally did not accede to that demand. To analyze these conflicts, we should consider the coastal defense of Busan, in particular, the observation system, the docking procedures for Japanese ships, and the inspection of ships from Japan. We can confirm these matters in “Report of Dongnaebu”(東萊府啓 錄), and can affirm that some studies based on Japanese diplomatic documents(『大日本外交文書』) are not accurate. We can check these facts as follows. First, the signal-fire beacon soldiers at Mt. Hwangnyeong(黃領山 烽 軍) observed ships sailing the usual course from Japan and reported to local government officials in Busan(釜山僉使) and Dongnae(東萊府使) without exception. Second, the local government official in Busan(釜山僉使) dispatched the Dumopo official(豆毛浦萬戶) as reconnaissance, and the Dumopo official towed the ships sailing from Japan into the port at Waegwan. When a steamship(火輪船) arrived, the official at Poipo(包伊浦萬戶) or a warship(戰船) docked at the Gyeongsang Province Left Navy Base(慶尙 左水營) also was dispatched. Third, immediately upon the ship entering the port, the interpreter(訓導) inquired regarding the purpose of the ship’s voyage and checked whether the vessel carried proper identification(路引) or not and if it held a state document(書契). After that, the interpreter reported to local government officials in Dongnae and Busan. And the Dongnae government office reported to the Minister of Rites(禮曹判書), to the State Council(議政府), and to military authorities(三軍府), with attached documents such as the report of the Interpreter(訓導手本), identification, the state letter, the list of drifters(漂民成冊), and a drawing of the steamship(火輪船圖本). Fourth, at that time in 1872, the steamship was permitted entry because it accompanied the tribute ship(歲遣船) and the drifter repatriation ship. Thus, the interpretation that the steamship entered the port unaccompanied is not accurate. Fifth, the view that the steamship entered the port without an inspection and that people in Dongnae were terrified also is not accurate. This is because inspection of the steamship was conducted exactly and the steamship was drawn and measured. Further, people in Dongnae did not worry about the possibility of violence. Finally, as for Joseon, the tribute ship and the castaway repatriation ship were more important than the steamship. But the Japan Foreign Office placed greater emphasis on the steamship and wanted to hide the tribute ship and the inspection because it wanted to control the Waegwan as its own command area. Thus, quellenkritik, or the verification of sources, is required regarding Japanese diplomatic documents.