서차구 유적의 토기문화와 특징

Abstract

The Xichagou site is a large archaeological site consisting of about 500 tombs, and its nature has been debated since its discovery in the 1950s. However, most analyses have focused on metal artifacts, with only a limited number of studies examining pottery. In this article, I will conduct a preliminary analysis of the groups responsible for the underlying culture of the Xichagou site, based on the pottery from the site, which have been officially reported for the first time. When comparing the pottery of the Xichagou site with those from surrounding areas, it appears that the influence of the Baoshan culture, a local substratum culture, is not as significant as expected. Instead, pottery production methods typical of the Hanshu 2 period culture are predominant. Furthermore, aside from the presence of a two-handled jar from the Paoziyan assemblage, it is difficult to establish a strong connection with the Buyeo culture, which is represented by the Paoziyan assemblage. Although the limitedamount of data remains an issue, the Xichagou site seems to reflect a weak indigenous cultural tradition, combined with elements from surrounding pottery cultures. Overall, the report suggests that the Hanshu 2 period culture was dominant at the Xichagou site, while the indigenous group held a subordinate position. However, it is important to note that the Xichagou site features antenna-style and pillar-style iron swords with bronze hilts, which are not found in the Hanshu 2, Xianbei, or Baoshan cultures. In the eastern Liaodong region of Jilin, at the Huazhen Xihuangshantun and Xinbin Longtoushan sites, some elements of Baoshan culture pottery are found alongside slender bronze daggers, antenna-style bronze daggers, and antenna-style iron swords with bronze hilts. These pottery elements are also found at the Xichagou site. This suggests that the indigenous eastern Liaodong group, which possessed antenna-style bronze daggers or antenna-style iron swords with bronze hilts, became part of the base group at the Xichagou site. They were not merely subordinate to the Hanshu 2 period group, but actively produced antenna-style iron swords with bronze hilts that reflected their own identity, while adopting elements from the surrounding cultures.