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지역기반 플랫폼노동자의 직무압박이 우울에 미치는 영향: 일과 삶의 균형의 매개효과

The Mediating Role of Work-Life Balance in the Relationship between Job Pressure and Depression among Local-Based Platform Workers

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초록

국내 플랫폼노동자 수는 코로나19 기간 동안 급격히 증가하여 2022년에 292만 명으로 추산된다. 플랫폼노동은 유연성과 더 나은 소득 창출의 기회를 제공한다는 장점도 있지만 직업 불안정성, 예측할 수 없는 업무 일정, 저임금, 열악한 작업 조건 등 작업 환경의 질 저하를 가져왔다는비판을 받아왔다. 실제로 플랫폼 배달․운송 노동자는 압도적인 작업량, 근무시간에 비해 과도한 업무, 동시에 처리해야 하는 과다한 업무량 등 직무압박의 강도가 상대적으로 높은데, 이는일과 삶의 균형을 방해하고, 궁극적으로 플랫폼노동자의 우울로 이어질 수 있다는 점에서 주목할 만한 주제이다. 이에 본 연구는 플랫폼 배달․운송노동자 587명을 대상으로 이들의 특징과직무압박과 우울의 관계 및 두 변수 간의 관계에서 일과 삶의 균형의 매개효과를 살펴보고 플랫폼노동자의 노동특성으로부터 야기되는 정신건강 문제 개입 근거를 탐색하고자 하였다. 본 연구는 제언으로서 지역사회 정신건강 프로그램, 플랫폼 이동 노동자 지원센터 확충, 가족 동반휴식을 제안하였다.

Abstract

During the COVID-19 pandemic, the number of platform workers in South Korea increased significantly, reaching an estimated 2.92 million in 2022. Platform work offers advantages like flexibility and enhanced income opportunities, but it has faced criticism due to job instability, unpredictable schedules, low wages, and poor working conditions. Platform delivery and transportation workers, in particular, experience high levels of job pressure, including heavy workloads, long working hours, and handling multiple tasks simultaneously. This can disrupt platform worker’s work-life balance and lead to depression. This study focused on 587 platform delivery and transportation workers. It examined the relationship between job pressure and depression and how work-life balance might mediate this connection. In response to these concerns, the study suggested the implementation of community mental health programs, the expansion of support centers tailored to platform workers, and the establishment of family-inclusive periods of rest. These interventions were proposed as potential ways to address the mental health issues faced by individuals engaged in platform work.

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