포스트 코로나 시대 국경담론의 변화와 신안보 재조명
Shifting Border Discourse and Rise of New Security Threats in Post-corona Era
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초록
세계화 이후 국가 경계가 유지하던 정치적, 경제적, 문화적 질서가 코로나 펜데믹으로 요동치고 있다. 과거의 전쟁이 가시적인 적으로부터 영토주권을 수호하기 위한 것이었다면, 코로나 바이러스와 같은 ‘신안보’ 위협은 대상과 목적에 대한 실체 규명조차도 어려워 본질적 근절이 어렵다. 무엇보다 최근의 ‘신안보’ 논쟁은 민족주의의 부활, 신자유주의 질서의 쇠퇴, 미중 패권갈등 등 여러 요소들과 함께 복합적으로 이루어지면서, 불확실성과 혼동을 가중시키고 있다. 본 연구는 이러한 포스트 코로나 시대의 새로운 안보위협의 특징과 세계질서 변화를 포착하기 위해 ‘국경’에 대한 담론과 정책변화에 주목하였다. 근대국가에서 안보가 영토적 국경의 수호를 의미했다면, 코로나 19 시대의 신안보는 질병, 환경, 경제위기, 사이버 공격 등 일상의 삶에 대한 위협을 감식하고 통제하면서도 세계화의 흐름을 보장해줄 수 있는 새로운 경계를 만들고 관리해나가는 것을 포괄하는 개념으로 변모하고 있다. 본 연구는 국경, 경계, 그리고 신안보에 대한 담론 변화를 재조명함으로서, 포스트 코로나 시대의 국경과 경계에 대한 새로운 접근법을 모색하고, 신안보 정책의 함의점을 모색하고자 한다.
Abstract
Deeply entrenched political, economical and cultural orders, which are inextricably linked to border system are shaking after the corona pandemic. While the objective of traditional war was to protect territory, new security threats including corona virus are difficult to eradicate as their entity is difficult to define. Moreover, rises of nationalism, decline of neo-liberalism, US-China hegemonic competition and etc are strengthening uncertainty and confusion of the ‘new security’ discourses. current. This study shed new lights on discourses on ‘border’ and ‘border policies’ in order to capture changes of new international order and new security threats in post COVID era. While securing territorial border centered national security in modern states, nature of new security in post 19 era includes detecting, controling, and protecting daily lives of ordinary from diseases, environment, economic crisis, cyber attack and others while continuously guaranteeing flows of globalism by re-building an managing new border. By reassessing discourses of border and new security, this study seeks new approaches to the border and suggest political implications in post corona era.
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