상담전공 내담자가 지각한 효과적인 상담자 요인
The Effective Counselor's Factors in the Perspective of Clients who Majored in Counseling
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상담을 전공한 내담자들이 상담자의 어떤 특성을 효과적으로 지각하는지 탐색하였다. 최종 9명의 상담 전공 내담자들을 대상으로 실시한 면담 내용을 귀납적 분석한 결과, 29개의 주제와 5개의 범주를 도출하였다. 이를 효과적 상담자 요인에 대한 상담자의 지각 연구와 비교, 제시하였다. 한국의 상담전공 내담자들이 효과적으로 지각한 상담자 요인은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 태도 범주에서 ‘내담자를 담아내는 용량이 큼’, ‘진솔함’, ‘내담자를 총체적으로 보고 믿음’, ‘내담자에 대한 인간적 관심, 깊은 애정을 가짐’, ‘사심 없는 태도’. 둘째, 관계 범주에서 ‘내담자의 모델이 됨’, ‘엄마로 양육해줌’, ‘산행의 동료 같은 역할을 함’, ‘내담자의 변화에 따라 융통적 역할을 함’, ‘내담자와 적절한 거리를 조절함’, ‘인간적으로 성숙한 앞선 사람이 됨’, 셋째, 이해 범주에서 ‘내담자에 대해 정확히 앎’, ‘내담자의 인식을 확장해줌’, ‘직관적으로 핵심을 파악함’, 넷째, 기법 범주에서 ‘잘 듣고 공감해 줌’, ‘타당화와 수용을 해줌’, ‘구체적 질문을 함’, ‘설득력 있는 피드백을 함’, ‘쉽게 편안한 전달력이 있음’, ‘신체느낌을 활용함’, ‘적나라한 거울처럼 직면시킴’, ‘상담 과정에 대해 설명해줌’, ‘감정 인식과 표현의 속도가 느린 한국내담자의 특성을 알고, 그에 맞게 대처해줌’, ‘한국 상황에 맞는 조언과 의사결정을 해줌’, ‘토속적인 한국식 어휘를 사용함’, ‘상담자 자신의 감정을 설명하기보다 직접 반응하여 내담자와 부딪혀줌’, 다섯 번째, 상담자의 외적특성 범주에서 ‘내담자가 선호하는 외모’, ‘명성을 지님’, ‘나이가 많음’이었다. 기존 서구의 이론에서 제시되지 않았던 특성들이 논의에 제시되었다.
Abstract
This study is to explore the counselor's factors which contribute to positive counseling outcomes in the perspective of clients who majored in counseling. Data was collected through twice in-depth interviews with 9 clients who majored in counseling, and analyzed using Inductive Analysis. From the Inductive Analysis, 29 themes and 5 categories emerged. The result was presented by each 5 categories, compared to the research of counselor's view(2008). The effective counselor's factors were as follows; (a) Counselor's attitude. The effective counselor was ‘having large capacity’, ‘genuine’, ‘having holistic view and trust toward clients’, ‘having affection toward clients’, ‘empty-minded’. (b) Relationship. The characteristics of their relationship with clients were ‘model of clients’, ‘nurturing clients as mother’, ‘companion at climbing mountain’, ‘flexible according to changes of clients’, ‘regulating the distance from client’, ‘mature in personal growth’, ‘having intuitional insight’. (c) Understanding. The effective counselors were ‘understanding clients exactly’, ‘broadening the range of client's perception’, ‘understanding and treating properly the trait of Korean-which are slow in perceiving and expressing feelings’. (d) Counseling skills. The effective counselors were ‘listening to and empathize client’, ‘validating and accepting client’, ‘questioning specifically’, ‘giving persuasive feedback’, ‘expressing their feeling comfortably’, ‘utilizing body feelings’, ‘confronting like honest mirror’, ‘explaining the process of counseling’, ‘advising and making proper decisions according to Korean culture’, ‘using Korean traditional vocabulary’, ‘responding their feelings about clients rather than explaining cognitively’. (e) External characteristics. The effective counselors had ‘appearances which clients prefer’, ‘great reputation’, and were ‘old-aged’.
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