대학생의 완벽주의 성향에 따른 하위집단의 특징: 수동적/능동적 지연행동, 행복, 우울에서의 차이
Differences in Passive/Active Procrastination, Happiness, and Depression by the Clusters of Perfectionism in College Students
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초록
본 연구에서는 두 개의 하위 연구를 통해 대학생들의 완벽성향에 따른 하위집단을 구분하고 군집해법에 대해 서울과 지방의 대학생 표본을 대상으로 교차타당화 함으로써, 기존의 연구들이 제안한 세 집단 해법과 네 집단 해법 중 어느 것이 한국 대학생에 보다 타당한지 확인하였다. 또한 각 하위집단별로 수동적/능동적 지연행동, 행복, 우울점수에서 유의한 차이가 있는지 살펴보았다. 먼저 연구 1(n = 85)에서 완벽성향 척도 개정판의 두 하위 요인인 ‘높은 기준’과 ‘불일치’ 점수를 군집변인으로 투입하여 2단계 군집분석을 실시한 결과, 비완벽주의 집단, 적응적 완벽주의 집단, 그리고 부적응적 완벽주의 집단의 세 집단이 확인되었다. 집단 간에 수동적/능동적 지연행동에서 유의한 차이가 있는지 알아보기 위해 다변량 분산분석을 실시한 결과, 적응적 완벽주의 집단이 다른 두 집단에 비해 낮은 수준의 수동적 지연행동을 보였고, 부적응적 완벽주의 집단에 비해 ‘압력 선호’, ‘마감능력’에서 높은 수준을 보였다. 연구 2(n = 86)에서는 교차타당도 검증을 위해 연구 1의 최종중심값을 기초로 K-평균 군집분석을 실시한 결과에 대해 조정된 랜드지표(Adjusted Rand Index)값을 산출한 결과, .90이상으로 높은 수준의 교차타당도가 확인되었다. 세 집단이 행복과 우울점수에서 유의한 차이가 나타나는지 알아보기 위해 다변량 분산분석을 실시한 결과, 적응적 완벽주의 집단이 나머지 두 집단에 비해 유의하게 우울점수가 낮았으며, 부적응적 완벽주의 집단에 비해 행복한 것으로 나타났다.
Abstract
This study, undertaken with two sub-studies, aimed (a) to determine the number of cluster solution (a 3-cluster solution versus 4-cluster solution) particularly for Korean college students by conducting cluster analysis using two subscales of the Almost Perfect Scale-Revised as the clustering variables, and (b) to establish cross validity of the cluster solution. Also, differences of each cluster were examined in terms of the scores of passive/active procrastination, happiness, and depression across two sub-studies. In Study 1 (n = 85), the results from a 2-step cluster analysis entering the ‘high standards’ and ‘discrepancy’ scores as the clustering variables confirmed the presence of three clusters (non-perfectionists, adaptive perfectionists, & maladaptive perfectionists). In addition, a MANOVA was conducted to identify the differences on the scores of passive/active procrastination among the three groups. As a result, adaptive perfectionists showed the lowest level of passive procrastination among the three groups and higher level of ‘preference for pressure’ and ‘ability to meet deadlines’ than maladaptive perfectionists. In Study 2 (n = 86), Adjusted Rand Index (ARI) was calculated by the two results of K-means analysis using the final seed points of Study 1 and a two-step cluster analysis. Because ARI was greater than .90, a high level of cross-validation was established. In addition, a MANOVA was conducted to identify the differences on the scores of happiness and depression among the three groups. As a result, adaptive perfectionists showed the lowest level of depression among the three groups and higher level of happiness than maladaptive perfectionists.
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