완벽주의 하위집단의 특징:지연행동, 문제해결 평가, 대인관계 문제를 중심으로
Clusters of Perfectionists and Their Characteristics in Procrastination, Problem-Solving Appraisal, and Interpersonal Problems
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초록
본 연구에서는 완벽주의 이론과 선행 연구에서 제안된 적응적 완벽주의자, 부적응적 완벽주의자, 비완벽주의자 집단의 존재를 한국 대학생 집단에서 재확인하고, 지연행동, 문제해결 평가, 대인관계 문제에서 이들의 특징을 살펴보고자 하였다. 완벽주의 구성개념은 Frost 다차원적 완벽주의 척도를 사용하여 측정되었다. 대학생 320명을 대상으로 군집분석을 실시한 결과 적응적 완벽주의자, 부적응적 완벽주의자, 비완벽주의자 집단의 세 가지 하위집단이 확인되었으며, Frost 다차원적 완벽주의 척도에서 나타나는 패턴도 기존 연구와 유사한 것으로 나타났다. 부적응적 완벽주의자 집단은 적응적 완벽주의자 집단과 비완벽주의자 집단에 비해 자신의 문제해결 능력을 낮게 평가하고, 자존감이 낮으며, 대인관계 문제를 더 많이 경험하는 것으로 나타났다. 그러나 완벽주의의 세 하위 집단은 지연행동에서 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다. 본 연구 결과가 가지는 이론적 함의를 논의하였으며, 특히 부적응적 완벽주의자와의 상담에서 이들의 외부적 수행이나 성과를 평가하기보다 내면적 기제(예: 문제해결 자신감, 개인이 통제력을 가지고 있다는 느낌)에 초점을 두는 것이 상담에서의 함의로 제안되었다.
Abstract
The purpose of this study was twofolds: (a) to validate and replicate the existence of adaptive perfectionists, maladaptive perfectionists, and nonperfectionists through cluster analysis in Korean college students, and (b) to illuminate the characteristics of three groups on the self-reported measures of procrastination, problem-solving appraisals, and interpersonal problems. Participants' perfectionistic tendencies were measured using the Frost Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale. Data from three hundred and twenty college students were used in this study. Results from cluster analysis confirmed the existence of three groups of perfectionists. Compared to adaptive perfectionists and nonperfectionists, maladaptive perfectionists group reported higher levels of ineffective problem-solving, lower levels of self-esteem, and more interpersonal problems. However, the three groups did not differ in procrastination. The study results suggested that when counseling maladaptive perfectionists, counselors need to focus on their internal mechanisms (e.g., problem-solving confidence, sense of personal control) rather than external performances and/or achievements.
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