집단따돌림 피해자들의 극복 과정 유형
Typology of Recovery Process in Bullying Victims
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본 연구에서는 집단따돌림으로 인해 심리정서적 고통을 경험했으나 성공적으로 극복한 사람들의 대처 및 극복 경험을 탐색하고, 따돌림을 극복하는 과정에서 서로 구분되는 유형이 존재하는지 확인하였다. 선발기준에 부합한 38명(나이 = 14-29세)을 대상으로 심층 면접을 실시하였고, 근거이론 방법을 적용해서 자료를 분석하였다. 자료 분석 결과, ‘참여자가 지닌 내면의 힘’, ‘주변의 지지와 개입 등 외적 자원’, ‘참여자가 사용한 대처방식’이 서로 상호작용하면서 따돌림을 극복하는데 많은 영향을 미친 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 세 요인 간 상호작용에 초점을 두고 사례 간 유형화를 시도하였다. 그 결과, 1) 강한 내면의 힘과 외적 자원을 바탕으로 다양한 대처전략을 유연하게 사용한 참여자, 2) 주변의 외적 자원은 많지 않았지만 원래 가지고 있던 내면의 힘을 바탕으로 자기계발 등을 통해 따돌림을 극복한 참여자, 3) 마지막으로 내면의 힘은 약하지만 외부로부터 강한 도움을 받아 세상으로 나아가려고 노력한 참여자 등 세 개 유형이 도출되었다. 연구결과를 바탕으로 집단 따돌림 피해자들에 대한 상담 개입 전략을 논하였다.
Abstract
This study explored coping and recovery experiences of bullying victims, proposing a typology of how they recovered from bullying. Interviews were conducted with 38 participants (14-29 years), and a grounded theory was utilized as a strategy of inquiry. Data analyses revealed that the recovery process of the participants had been strongly influenced by the dynamic interplay among their internal strengths, environmental resources, and coping strategies used by the participants. A typology was created focusing on the interactions among the three dimensions. Three distinct types emerged: 1) those who utilized a wider range of coping strategies with more internal strengths and external support; 2) those who lacked in external resources but attempted to better themselves with their internal strengths; and 3) those who were internally weak but went out to the world due to strong external assistance. Implications for how counselors may intervene with the victims in each category are discussed.
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