은퇴를 앞둔 중장년의 은퇴불안이 진로준비행동에 미치는 영향: 진로정체감과 계획된 우연기술의 매개된 조절효과
The Effects of Retirement Anxiety on Career Preparation Behavior in Middle-Aged -The Mediated Moderating Effect of Career Identity and Planned Happenstance Skills-
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본 연구는 은퇴를 앞두고 있는 중장년을 대상으로 은퇴불안이 진로준비행동에 미치는 영향에서 진로정체감의 하위 요인인 진로탐색, 진로몰입, 진로재고의 매개효과를 살펴보고, 계획된 우연기술의 매개된 조절효과를 검증하기 위한 목적으로 진행하였다. 이를 위해 서울시, 경기도, 부산시 등 주요 6개 도시에서 경제활동 중인 중장년을 대상으로 온라인으로 자기보고식 설문조사를 실시하였고, 불성실한 응답을 제외한 390명의 자료를 SPSS 29.0으로 분석하였다. 주요 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 은퇴를 앞둔 중장년의 은퇴불안, 진로준비행동, 진로정체감, 계획된 우연기술 간에 유의한 상관이 있었다. 은퇴불안과 진로준비행동 간에는 유의한 정적 상관이 있는 것으로 나타나, 중장년의 은퇴불안이 높을수록 진로에 대한 구체적인 진로준비행동이 촉진되는 것을 확인하였다. 둘째, 은퇴불안과 진로준비행동의 관계에서 진로탐색과 진로몰입은 유의한 매개효과가 나타났고, 진로재고는 유의하지 않았다. 셋째, 계획된 우연기술은 은퇴불안과 진로준비행동, 은퇴불안과 진로탐색, 은퇴불안과 진로재고 간 관계에서 각각 조절효과가 유의하였다. 넷째, 은퇴불안과 진로준비행동의 관계에서 진로탐색의 매개효과가 계획된 우연기술의 수준에 따라 달라지는 것으로 나타나, 매개된 조절효과가 유의하였다. 본 연구는 초고령사회 진입에 따른 높은 은퇴불안을 지각하는 은퇴를 앞둔 중장년의 진로상담에 활용할 수 있는 진로정체감, 진로준비행동, 계획된 우연기술의 매개된 조절효과를 확인하였다는 데 그 의의가 있다.
Abstract
This study was conducted to examine the mediating effects of career exploration, career commitment, and career reconsideration, which are sub-factors of career identity, on the influence of retirement anxiety on career preparation behavior among middle-aged and older people approaching retirement, and to verify the mediated moderating effect of planned happenstance skills. To this end, an online self-reporting survey was conducted targeting middle-aged and older people who are economically active in six major cities, including Seoul, Gyeonggi-do, and Busan, and the data from 390 people, excluding insincere responses, were analyzed using SPSS 29.0. The main research results are as follows. First, there was a significant correlation between retirement anxiety, career preparation behavior, career identity, and planned happenstance skills of middle-aged and older adults approaching retirement. It was found that there was a significant positive correlation between retirement anxiety and career preparation behavior, confirming that the higher the retirement anxiety of middle-aged and older people, the more specific career preparation behavior is promoted. Second, in the relationship between retirement anxiety and career preparation behavior, career exploration and career commitment showed significant mediating effects, while career inventory was not significant. Third, planned happenstance skills had a significant moderating effect on the relationships between retirement anxiety and career preparation behavior, retirement anxiety and career exploration, and retirement anxiety and career reconsideration. Fourth, the mediating effect of career exploration on the relationship between retirement anxiety and career preparation behavior varied depending on the level of planned happenstance skills and the mediated moderating effect was significant. This study is meaningful in that it confirmed the mediated moderating effects of career identity, career preparation behavior, and planned happenstance skills that can be utilized in career counseling for middle-aged and older adults approaching retirement who perceive high retirement anxiety due to the entry into a super-aged society.