周敦颐《太极图》道教解探析

Abstract

As the key position in the history of the development of Confucianism, Zhou Dunyi’work the Diagram of the Supreme Ultimate(「太极图」: Taegeukdo), the Explanation of the Diagram of the Supreme Ultimate (太极图说), which use the image picture to show the word, use the word to Explan the image picture, the image picture and the word like a drum leather and the drum they work in with each other smoothly, we called this kind of intuitive, vivid academic research method is the image picture and word theory（图说学）. Zhou Dunyi’work are widely accepted in Taoist Literature. The Taoist scholars accepted his Diagram in some ways, such as they accepted it in the form of a whole or a dispersion to add, delete, move and change the original text of Zhou Dunyi's diagram, At the same time, The Taoist scholars transform Zhou Dunyi's painting with Taoism theory into a Taoist image. As a non artistic image, the Diagram of the Supreme Ultimate(「太极图」: Taegeukdo) has become a primary image among many similar Taoist images, providing a simple way to interpret Taoist ideas. Li Daochun's illustration of the Diagram of the Supreme Ultimate (太极图解) is the best annotation of the Taoist interpretation of the Diagram of the Supreme Ultimate(「太极图」: Taegeukdo). It is complete and systematic in content and has distinctive characteristics in the history of Zhou Dunyi’work in Taoist. The Taoist scholars choose six ways to explan Zhou Dunyi’work, such as the Non-ultimate and the Great ultimate无极而太极, Dynamic and static yin-yang（动静阴阳）, Two Qi and five elements（二气五行）, all things come into being（万物化生）, tranquility is first important（主静立人极）, search for the origin and go back to the end（原始反终）. they purpose to elucidate the internal alchemy thought of "three in one" specifically proposes four cultivation skills. They thought there are four ways to realize it, that is, to empty the spirit and return to the original, clean up the body and mind, hold the yuan and and maintain the yuan with tranquility. Taoist scholars took Zhou Dunyi’work as their starting points, which not only promoted the iconography and the image picture and word theory（图说学）in Taoist literature, but also promote Taoist cultivation thoughts more integrated and systematic.