Implicature and Process Leading to Implicature
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Abstract
There is said to be two different kinds of meaning: one is sentence (word) meaning, the other speaker meaning. (Hurford & Heasley 1996: 3) Entailment and implicature both belong to inference. However, entailment concerns sentence meaning and implicature speaker (utterance) meaning even though we need to consider hearers to calculate the implicature of an utterance as shown in this paper. Grice (1975) claims that there must be a place for the natural counterparts of logical devices. In this vein, he discusses implicatures in terms of the Cooperative Principle and conversational maxims. Horn (1984) boils down the Gricean maxims to two fundamental principles, such as the Q Principle and the R Principle, and deals with implicatures in those terms. This paper discusses detachability related directly to conventional implicatures vs. conversational implicatures, and the inferential process leading to the implicatures, with illuminating English examples.
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