인도양 연구의 방향과 인도양 연안 소설로서 압둘라자크 『구르나의 떠남』의 기억』
Directions of Indian Ocean Studies and Abdulrazak Gurnah’s Memory of Departure as an Indian Ocean Littoral Novel
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This article reviews the current direction of Indian Ocean Studies and its key concepts derived from the analysis of Indian Ocean littoral communities. Scholars of Indian Ocean Studies describe these littoral societies using concepts such as “transnationality,” “permeability,” “amphibious identities,” and “flexible identities,” among others. Because littoral societies are distant from the central powers of interior territories, they tend to be more open to foreign visitors and the diverse cultures they bring in. These characteristics of transnationality and acceptance of difference are presented by scholars as an alternative social arrangement to the Eurocentric system. However, Abdulrazak Gurnah does not romanticize the violence and discrimination wielded by his ancestors in Eastern Africa. From his first novel, Memory of Departure, Gurnah exposes the prevalence of slave trade and patriarchal violence within the so-called civilized Arab Zanzibari community. By describing this shameful history, Gurnah critiques the nostalgic representations of pre-colonial African societies and calls for a reflection on the customs of violence and slavery.
Abstract
This article reviews the current direction of Indian Ocean Studies and its key concepts derived from the analysis of Indian Ocean littoral communities. Scholars of Indian Ocean Studies describe these littoral societies using concepts such as “transnationality,” “permeability,” “amphibious identities,” and “flexible identities,” among others. Because littoral societies are distant from the central powers of interior territories, they tend to be more open to foreign visitors and the diverse cultures they bring in. These characteristics of transnationality and acceptance of difference are presented by scholars as an alternative social arrangement to the Eurocentric system. However, Abdulrazak Gurnah does not romanticize the violence and discrimination wielded by his ancestors in Eastern Africa. From his first novel, Memory of Departure, Gurnah exposes the prevalence of slave trade and patriarchal violence within the so-called civilized Arab Zanzibari community. By describing this shameful history, Gurnah critiques the nostalgic representations of pre-colonial African societies and calls for a reflection on the customs of violence and slavery.