본문 바로가기
KERD
논문KCI 등재

Prevalence and factors associated with postpartum depression among Bhutanese mothers: a cross-sectional study

0

조회

0

다운로드

0

인용

0

참고문헌

키워드

주제분류간호학

초록

Purpose: This study investigated the prevalence of postpartum depression (PPD) and explored associatedfactors among mothers attending postnatal care in Bhutan.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from August to November 2023 at a national referralhospital in Thimphu, the capital city of Bhutan. In total, 314 mothers were recruited. Sociodemographic,psychosocial, obstetric, and infant-related data were collected using questionnaires. TheEdinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale, with a threshold of ≥11, was employed to screen for PPD,and logistic regression was used to test the potential factors.Results: The prevalence of PPD was 14.97%. Mothers with a perceived change in body image (adjustedodds ratio [AOR], 4.40; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.91–10.17; p=.001), perceivedheightened stress after delivery (AOR, 3.74; 95% CI, 1.45–9.67; p=.006), poor relationship with inlaws(AOR, 2.57; 95% CI, 1.24–5.30; p=. 011), and negative birth experience (AOR, 2.42; 95% CI,1.17–5.00; p=.016) demonstrated significantly higher odds of developing PPD. However, motherswith a higher monthly family income (Bhutanese ngultrum [Nu.] 20,000 to <50,000; AOR, 0.35;95% CI, 0.13–0.92; p=.033), ≥Nu. 50,000 (AOR, 0.37; 95% CI, 0.13–1.07, p=.067) compared to<Nu. 20,000, and advanced gestational age (37 to <41 weeks; AOR, 0.25; 95% CI, 0.09–0.71;p=.009) and ≥41 weeks (AOR, 0.08; 95% CI, 0.00–0.75; p=.028) compared to <37 weeks had significantlylower risks of PPD.Conclusion: To mitigate the prevalence and risk of PPD, prioritizing screening strategies and interventionsmay benefit mothers with perceived changes in body image and heightened perceivedstress after delivery, poor relationships with in-laws, and those with negative birth experiences.

Abstract

Purpose: This study investigated the prevalence of postpartum depression (PPD) and explored associatedfactors among mothers attending postnatal care in Bhutan.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from August to November 2023 at a national referralhospital in Thimphu, the capital city of Bhutan. In total, 314 mothers were recruited. Sociodemographic,psychosocial, obstetric, and infant-related data were collected using questionnaires. TheEdinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale, with a threshold of ≥11, was employed to screen for PPD,and logistic regression was used to test the potential factors.Results: The prevalence of PPD was 14.97%. Mothers with a perceived change in body image (adjustedodds ratio [AOR], 4.40; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.91–10.17; p=.001), perceivedheightened stress after delivery (AOR, 3.74; 95% CI, 1.45–9.67; p=.006), poor relationship with inlaws(AOR, 2.57; 95% CI, 1.24–5.30; p=. 011), and negative birth experience (AOR, 2.42; 95% CI,1.17–5.00; p=.016) demonstrated significantly higher odds of developing PPD. However, motherswith a higher monthly family income (Bhutanese ngultrum [Nu.] 20,000 to <50,000; AOR, 0.35;95% CI, 0.13–0.92; p=.033), ≥Nu. 50,000 (AOR, 0.37; 95% CI, 0.13–1.07, p=.067) compared to<Nu. 20,000, and advanced gestational age (37 to <41 weeks; AOR, 0.25; 95% CI, 0.09–0.71;p=.009) and ≥41 weeks (AOR, 0.08; 95% CI, 0.00–0.75; p=.028) compared to <37 weeks had significantlylower risks of PPD.Conclusion: To mitigate the prevalence and risk of PPD, prioritizing screening strategies and interventionsmay benefit mothers with perceived changes in body image and heightened perceivedstress after delivery, poor relationships with in-laws, and those with negative birth experiences.

참고문헌 (47)

  1. Cox JL, "Detection of postnatal depression. Development of the 10-item Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale", Br J Psychiatry, 150, pp.782~786 (1987)[DOI]
  2. "Postpartum depression" (2024)[URL]
  3. Agrawal I, "Risk factors of postpartum depression", Cureus, 14(10), pp.e30898~ (2022)[DOI]
  4. Stewart DE, "Postpartum depression : pathophysiology, treatment, and emerging therapeutics", Annu Rev Med, 70, pp.183~196 (2019)[DOI]
  5. Saharoy R, "Postpartum depression and maternal care : exploring the complex effects on mothers and infants", Cureus, 15(7), pp.e41381~ (2023)[DOI]
  6. Rai S, "Postpartum psychiatric disorders : early diagnosis and management", Indian J Psychiatry, 57(Suppl 2), pp.S216~S221 (2015)[DOI]
  7. Mousa O, "Postpartum depression : neglected issue in maternal health", Int J Nur Educ, 15, pp.72~77 (2023)[DOI]
  8. "World Health Day 2017: time to speak up about post-partum depression" (2017)[URL]
  9. Wang Z, "Mapping global prevalence of depression among postpartum women", Transl Psychiatry, 11(1), pp.543~ (2021)[DOI]
  10. Valdes V, "Socioeconomic and psychological correlates of postpartum depression at 6months in Dhaka, Bangladesh", Int J Psychol, 56(5), pp.729~738 (2021)[DOI]
  11. Upadhyay RP, "Postpartum depression in India : a systematic review and meta-analysis", Bull World Health Organ, 95(10), pp.706~717 (2017)[DOI]
  12. Yadav T, "Postpartum depression : prevalence and associated risk factors among women in Sindh, Pakistan", Cureus, 12(12), pp.e12216~ (2020)[DOI]
  13. Pradhananga P, "Prevalence of postpartum depression in a tertiary health care", JNMA J Nepal Med Assoc, 58(223), pp.137~140 (2020)[DOI]
  14. Pelzang R, "Mental health care in Bhutan : policy and issues", WHO South East Asia J Public Health, 1(3), pp.339~346 (2012)[DOI]
  15. "Annual health bulletin" (2023)[URL]
  16. "Postpartum depression is like any other disease and women should seek support, says medical experts" (2023)[URL]
  17. "Addressing mental health in Bhutan: prepared for the ministerial roundtable of the 75th session of the WHO Regional Committee for South-East Asia" (2022)[URL]
  18. Fan Q, "Prevalence and risk factors for postpartum depression in Sri Lanka : a population-based study", Asian J Psychiatr, 47, pp.101855~ (2020)[DOI]
  19. Xiong R, "Prevalence and associated factors of postpartum depression among immigrant women in Guangzhou, China", BMC Pregnancy Childbirth, 20(1), pp.247~ (2020)[DOI]
  20. Dingana TN, "Prevalence and factors associated with post-partum depression in a rural area of Cameroon : a cross-sectional study", Pan Afr Med J, 42, pp.138~ (2022)[DOI]
  21. Rahmadhani W, "Prevalence and determinants of postpartum depression among adolescent mothers : a cross-sectional study", Int J Health Sci, 6(2), pp.533~544 (2022)[DOI]
  22. Chapman SL, "Postpartum substance use and depressive symptoms : a review", Women Health, 53(5), pp.479~503 (2013)[DOI]
  23. van der Zee-van den Berg AI, "Postpartum depression and anxiety : a community-based study on risk factors before, during and after pregnancy", J Affect Disord, 286, pp.158~165 (2021)[DOI]
  24. Cho H, "Association between social support and postpartum depression", Sci Rep, 12(1), pp.3128~ (2022)[DOI]
  25. Bradshaw H, "Risk factors associated with postpartum depressive symptoms : a multinational study", J Affect Disord, 301, pp.345~351 (2022)[DOI]
  26. Asaye MM, "Prevalence and predictors of postpartum depression : Northwest Ethiopia", Psychiatry J, 2020, pp.9565678~ (2020)[DOI]
  27. Yokoyama M, "Cesarean section is associated with increased risk of postpartum depressive symptoms in Japan : the Kyushu Okinawa Maternal and Child Health Study", J Affect Disord, 278, pp.497~501 (2021)[DOI]
  28. Laohachaiaroon P, "Prevalence and factors affecting postpartum depression in Buddhachinaraj Phitsanulok Hospital", J Med Assoc Thai, 105(7), pp.589~ (2022)[DOI]
  29. Myo T, "Prevalence and factors associated with postpartum depression in primary healthcare centres in Yangon, Myanmar", Malays J Med Sci, 28(4), pp.71~86 (2021)[DOI]
  30. "Annual health bulletin" (2020)[URL]
  31. "National policy for midwifery trained personnel for safe motherhood practice" (2018)[URL]
  32. Levis B, "Accuracy of the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale(EPDS)for screening to detect major depression among pregnant and postpartum women : systematic review and meta-analysis of individual participant data", BMJ, 371, pp.m4022~ (2020)[DOI]
  33. Engda AS, "Prevalence of depression and associated factors among normal and overweight reproductive age women, Ethiopia : community-based comparative cross-sectional study", Int J Womens Health, 13, pp.337~347 (2021)[DOI]
  34. Riesco-González FJ, "Body image dissatisfaction as a risk factor for postpartum depression", Medicina(Kaunas), 58(6), pp.752~ (2022)[DOI]
  35. Afshari P, "Prevalence and related factors of postpartum depression among reproductive aged women in Ahvaz, Iran", Health Care Women Int, 41(3), pp.255~265 (2020)[DOI]
  36. Raghavan V, "Prevalence and risk factors of perinatal depression among women in rural Bihar : a community-based cross-sectional study", Asian J Psychiatr, 56, pp.102552~ (2021)[DOI]
  37. Aslam M, "Postpartum depression and its clinico-social correlates-a community-based study in aligarh", Indian J Public Health, 66(4), pp.473~479 (2022)[DOI]
  38. Ayoub K, "Postpartum depression in the Arab region : a systematic literature review", Clin Pract Epidemiol Ment Health, 16(Suppl 1), pp.142~155 (2020)[DOI]
  39. Qi W, "Effects of family relationship and social support on the mental health of Chinese postpartum women", BMC Pregnancy Childbirth, 22(1), pp.65~ (2022)[DOI]
  40. Paiz JC, "Association between mistreatment of women during childbirth and symptoms suggestive of postpartum depression", BMC Pregnancy Childbirth, 22(1), pp.664~ (2022)[DOI]
  41. Urbanová E, "The association between birth satisfaction and the risk of postpartum depression", Int J Environ Res Public Health, 18(19), pp.10458~ (2021)[DOI]
  42. Bohren MA, "Continuous support for women during childbirth", Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 7(7), pp.CD003766~ (2017)[DOI]
  43. "2017 Population &housing cencus of Bhutan; national report" (2018)[URL]
  44. Deki S, "Women’s views and experience of respectful maternity care while delivering in three regional referral hospitals of Bhutan", Int J Nurs Educ, 12(2), pp.141~146 (2020)[DOI]
  45. "Noncommunicable disease risk factors: Bhutan STEPS survey report, 2019" (2020)[URL]
  46. de Paula Eduardo JA, "Preterm birth as a risk factor for postpartum depression : a systematic review and meta-analysis", J Affect Disord, 259, pp.392~403 (2019)[DOI]
  47. Pradhan D, "Prevalence and outcome of preterm births in the national referral hospital in Bhutan : an observational study", J Trop Pediatr, 66(2), pp.163~170 (2020)[DOI]

관련 논문AI추천

이 간행물의 다른 논문 (8건)