Factors influencing postpartum depression in Saudi women: a cross-sectional descriptive study
0
조회
0
다운로드
0
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of postpartum depression (PPD) and stress, as well as factors influencing PPD, among women in Saudi Arabia.Methods: This study employed a cross-sectional online survey and recruited participants during postpartum visits to the Clinic of Gynecology and Obstetrics in Al-Khobar, Saudi Arabia. Data collection was done using Arabic versions of the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale, Perceived Stress Scale, and a sociodemographics and obstetric history questionnaire. Descriptive and inferential analyses were conducted, including multiple linear regression using a stepwise method.Results: Data from the 270 participants showed low levels of postpartum depressive symptoms with a mean score of 2.54±4.5 and low levels of perceived stress with a mean score of 2.49±6.2. While 94.4% of the participants reported low levels of stress and PPD, 5.6% reported elevated levels (≥10 for PPD, ≥14 for stress). The stepwise regression analysis showed significant results (p<.001), accounting for 34% of the variance in PPD. The factors significantly influencing PPD included the type of family, stress, number of abortions, disease during pregnancy, and family income. Importantly, perceived stress emerged as a factor influencing PPD.Conclusion: Although the majority of participants exhibited low levels of PPD, about 1 in 18 showed elevated levels. The identification of significant influencing factors highlights the need for targeted interventions to effectively address mental health concerns in postpartum women.
Abstract
Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of postpartum depression (PPD) and stress, as well as factors influencing PPD, among women in Saudi Arabia.Methods: This study employed a cross-sectional online survey and recruited participants during postpartum visits to the Clinic of Gynecology and Obstetrics in Al-Khobar, Saudi Arabia. Data collection was done using Arabic versions of the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale, Perceived Stress Scale, and a sociodemographics and obstetric history questionnaire. Descriptive and inferential analyses were conducted, including multiple linear regression using a stepwise method.Results: Data from the 270 participants showed low levels of postpartum depressive symptoms with a mean score of 2.54±4.5 and low levels of perceived stress with a mean score of 2.49±6.2. While 94.4% of the participants reported low levels of stress and PPD, 5.6% reported elevated levels (≥10 for PPD, ≥14 for stress). The stepwise regression analysis showed significant results (p<.001), accounting for 34% of the variance in PPD. The factors significantly influencing PPD included the type of family, stress, number of abortions, disease during pregnancy, and family income. Importantly, perceived stress emerged as a factor influencing PPD.Conclusion: Although the majority of participants exhibited low levels of PPD, about 1 in 18 showed elevated levels. The identification of significant influencing factors highlights the need for targeted interventions to effectively address mental health concerns in postpartum women.
참고문헌 (52)
- Elrahman HH, "Prevalence and associated factors of postpartum depression among women in central region of Saudi Arabia", Pak J Med Health Sci, 16(4), pp.604~607 (2022)[DOI]
- Tissera H, "Happy prenatal relationships, healthy postpartum mothers : a prospective study of relationship satisfaction, postpartum stress, and health", Psychol Health, 36(4), pp.461~477 (2021)[DOI]
- Shields GS, "Lifetime Stress exposure and health : a review of contemporary assessment methods and biological mechanisms", Soc Personal Psychol Compass, 11(8), pp.e12335~ (2017)[DOI]
- Cohen S, "Ten surprising facts about stressful life events and disease risk", Annu Rev Psychol, 70, pp.577~597 (2019)[DOI]
- American Psychiatric Association, "Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders" (2013), American Psychiatric Publishing
- Abdulqader Alrehaili R, "The prevalence of postpartum depression and the related risk factors in primary health care, Al-Madinah, Saudi Arabia", Cureus, 14(2), pp.e22681~ (2022)[DOI]
- Alonazi HG, "Prevalence of postpartum depression among women in childbearing age attending primary health care centres, Qassim region", Health Psychol Res, 10(3), pp.35642~ (2022)[DOI]
- Alhusaini NA, "Prevalence of postpartum depression among mothers giving birth at King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia from 2020until 2022", Cureus, 14(11), pp.e31365~ (2022)[DOI]
- Alzahrani J, "Postpartum depression prevalence and associated factors : an observational study in Saudi Arabia", Medicina(Kaunas), 58(11), pp.1595~ (2022)[DOI]
- Alsayed NA, "Prevalence of postpartum depression and associated risk factors among women in Jeddah, Western Saudi Arabia", Cureus, 13(4), pp.e14603~ (2021)[DOI]
- Yim IS, "Biological and psychosocial predictors of postpartum depression : systematic review and call for integration", Annu Rev Clin Psychol, 11, pp.99~137 (2015)[DOI]
- Cunningham SD, "Prenatal depressive symptoms and postpar-um sexual risk among young urban women of color", J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol, 29(1), pp.11~17 (2016)[DOI]
- Salem MN, "Factors affecting the occurrence of postpartum depression among puerperal women in Sohag city, Egypt", Proc Obstet Gynecol, 7(1), pp.1~10 (2016)[DOI]
- Vaezi A, "The association between social support and postpartum depression in women : a cross sectional study", Women Birth, 32(2), pp.e238~e242 (2019)[DOI]
- Katon W, "Predictors of postpartum depression", J Womens Health(Larchmt), 23(9), pp.753~759 (2014)[DOI]
- Mohammed ES, "Predictors of postpartum depression among rural women in Minia, Egypt : an epidemiological study", Public Health, 128(9), pp.817~824 (2014)[DOI]
- Chang HP, "Prevalence and factors associated with depressive symptoms in mothers with infants or toddlers", Pediatr Neonatol, 55(6), pp.470~479 (2014)[DOI]
- Kirkan TS, "The depression in women in pregnancy and postpartum period : a follow-up study", Int J Soc Psychiatry, 61(4), pp.343~349 (2015)[DOI]
- Helle N, "Very low birth-weight as a risk factor for postpartum depression four to six weeks postbirth in mothers and fathers : cross-sectional results from a controlled multicentre cohort study", J Affect Disord, 180, pp.154~161 (2015)[DOI]
- Alanazy W, "Individual and healthcare system factors influencing antenatal care attendance in Saudi Arabia", BMC Health Serv Res, 20(1), pp.49~ (2020)[DOI]
- Almutairi AF, "Impact of help-seeking behavior and partner support on postpartum depression among Saudi women", Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat, 13, pp.1929~1936 (2017)[DOI]
- Faul F, "G*Power 3 : a flexible statistical power analysis program for the social, behavioral, and biomedical sciences", Behav Res Methods, 39(2), pp.175~191 (2007)[DOI]
- Bell ML, "Differential dropout and bias in randomised controlled trials : when it matters and when it may not", BMJ, 346, pp.e8668~ (2013)[DOI]
- Ali A, "Academic stress and its contributing factors among faculty nursing students in Alexandria", Alex Sci Nurs J, 20(1), pp.163~181 (2018)[DOI]
- Chaaya M, "Validation of the Arabic version of the Cohen Perceived Stress Scale(PSS10)among pregnant and postpartum women", BMC Psychiatry, 10, pp.111~ (2010)[DOI]
- Cox JL, "Detection of postnatal depression. Development of the 10-item Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale", Br J Psychiatry, 150, pp.782~786 (1987)[DOI]
- Ghubash R, "The validity of the Arabic Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale", Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol, 32(8), pp.474~476 (1997)[DOI]
- Hanach N, "Prevalence and risk factors of postpartum depression among women living in the United Arab Emirates", Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol, 58(3), pp.395~407 (2023)[DOI]
- Cohen S, "The social psychology of health: Claremont Symposium on Applied Social Psychology" (1988), Sage
- Etherington TR, "Mahalanobis distances for ecological niche modelling and outlier detection : implications of sample size, error, and bias for selecting and parameterising a multivariate location and scatter method", PeerJ, 9, pp.e11436~ (2021)[DOI]
- "GDP per capita of Saudi Arabia 2029" (2024)[URL]
- Abdelmola AO, "Prevalence and factors associated with maternal postpartum depression among mothers in Saudi Arabia : a cross-sectional study", Healthcare(Basel), 11(3), pp.343~ (2023)[DOI]
- Al Nasr RS, "Prevalence and predictors of postpartum depression in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia : a cross sectional study", PLoS One, 15(2), pp.e0228666~ (2020)[DOI]
- Alshikh Ahmad H, "Prevalence and risk factors of postpartum depression in the Middle East : a systematic review and meta-analysis", BMC Pregnancy Childbirth, 21(1), pp.542~ (2021)[DOI]
- Cheng CY, "Trends of perinatal stress, anxiety, and depression and their prediction on postpartum depression", Int J Environ Res Public Health, 18(17), pp.9307~ (2021)[DOI]
- Ahmed A, "Latent trajectory groups of perinatal depressive and anxiety symptoms from pregnancy to early postpartum and their antenatal risk factors", Arch Womens Ment Health, 21(6), pp.689~698 (2018)[DOI]
- Razurel C, "Relationship between perceived perinatal stress and depressive symptoms, anxiety, and parental self-efficacy in primiparous mothers and the role of social support", Women Health, 57(2), pp.154~172 (2017)[DOI]
- Aljaffer MA, "Postpartum depression at a tertiary care hospital in Saudi Arabia : prevalence and associated factors", Cureus, 15(4), pp.e37758~ (2023)[DOI]
- Hahn-Holbrook J, "Economic and health predictors of national postpartum depression prevalence : a systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression of 291 studies from 56 countries", Front Psychiatry, 8, pp.248~ (2018)[DOI]
- Aytac SH, "The effect of social support on pregnancy and postpartum depression", Int J Caring Sci, 13(1), pp.746~758 (2020)
- Guo P, "Adherence to traditional Chinese postpartum practices and postpartum depression : a cross-sectional study in Hunan, China", Front Psychiatry, 12, pp.649972~ (2021)[DOI]
- Priya T, "Prevalence and risk factors of postpartum depression in sub-Himalayan region", Med J Armed Forces India, 80(2), pp.161~165 (2024)[DOI]
- Moameri H, "Association of postpartum depression and cesarean section : a systematic review and meta-analysis", Clin Epidemiol Glob Health, 7(3), pp.471~480 (2019)[DOI]
- Al-Modayfer O, "Postpartum depression and related risk factors among Saudi females", Int J Cult Ment Health, 8(3), pp.316~324 (2015)[DOI]
- Faisal-Cury A, "Type of delivery is not associated with maternal depression", Arch Womens Ment Health, 22(5), pp.631~635 (2019)[DOI]
- Bradshaw H, "Risk factors associated with postpartum depressive symptoms : A multinational study", J Affect Disord, 301, pp.345~351 (2022)[DOI]
- Xia M, "Association between breastfeeding and postpartum depression : a meta-analysis", J Affect Disord, 308, pp.512~519 (2022)[DOI]
- Do TK, "Postpartum depression and risk factors among Vietnamese women", Biomed Res Int, 2018, pp.4028913~ (2018)[DOI]
- Rahaney V, "Postpartum depression and its risk factors : a cross-sectional exploratory study", Ann Indian Psychiatry, 5(1), pp.36~42 (2021)[DOI]
- Gök S, "Frequency of postpartum depression and investigation of related factors", J DEU Med, 36, pp.287~295 (2023)[DOI]
- Asaye MM, "Prevalence and predictors of postpartum depression : Northwest Ethiopia", Psychiatry J, 2020, pp.9565678~ (2020)[DOI]
- Gelaye B, "Epidemiology of maternal depression, risk factors, and child outcomes in low-income and middle-income countries", Lancet Psychiatry, 3(10), pp.973~982 (2016)[DOI]