리오타르의 무의식과 형상

Abstract

This article focuses on the reflection of Lyotard’s psychoanalytical period, in which he tried to restore the authority of the unconsciousness and the form which were oppressed by consciousness and language. Freud questions the certainty of consciousness which is unquestioned in modern philosophy, and points out that unconsciousness is the basis of true perception. Lyotard follows Freud's position and turns away from Marxism, which is at risk of totalitarian thinking, and introduces psychoanalysis as an alternative to social transformation. This is to eradicate the Western rationalist tradition of returning everything to theoretical discourse, including those that can not be reduced to theoretical discourse. For this reduction is accompanied by distortion and alteration of the reduction. In other words, if the unconsciousness and the form are reduced to the theoretical discourse, the latter exercises oppression and violence to the former. Therefore, we testify that there are things that are not reduced to consciousness and language, and that seeing the world and self as a linguistic world is not a representation of the real world, but rather a local recognition. Furthermore, it will be argued that the unconscious and the non-verbal are more fundamental rather than the conscious and the verbal. In this process, it will be confirmed that the uniqueness, liveliness, and nobleness of the form that can not be expressed in language, that is, the so-called 'exteriority of language', are revived. And also the validity and limitations of Freud and Lacan's model of the relationship between discourse and form as well as the relationship between consciousness and unconsciousness, From this, we would suggest the art which is related to the drive of death as an alternative to psychoanalysis, which is related to the principle of pleasure, as an alternative to avoiding the danger of Hegel’s speculative philosophy. The introduction of the concept of form and drive of death will bring back to art a space of truth that can not be reduced to all discourse and knowledge.