‘사유’ 개념을 중심으로 고찰한 하이데거의 철학사적 위치

Abstract

This article attempts to define the position of Heidegger's deliberations within the history of philosophy through his concept of "thinking." Unlike other studies that clarify the concept of thinking within his philosophy, this paper contemplates Heidegger in the continuum of ontologies. First, the philosophers selected for analysis, both before and after Heidegger, have all pondered on the border between epistemology and ontology by concentrating on the relationship between thinking and its "beyond," and this article deliberately rules out other interpretations to focus on the tension between thinking and its beyond in Heidegger's philosophy. Second, a key contemporary issue in philosophy is the accusation of anthropocentrism, often made against interpretations that emphasize thinking, and attempts to counter that with anti-anthropocentric arguments. As such, the ontologies selected in this article usefully define Heidegger's position in philosophical history in relation to this theme. I will begin by delineating that Heidegger inherits Kantian and Husserlian basically correlative understanding of thinking and beyond, and employs the equiprimordiality of the two conceptions, representational and non-representational, only to consider the ground of thinking, or the "enowning" of Being . However, from the viewpoint of the ontologists after Heidegger, it is problematic that being is dependent on thinking because Being, as the beyond of thinking, "enowns" itself only through thinking. I will then consider the counter-criticism of Deleuze and Meillassoux on this same issue. This paper will, however, argue that these alternatives cannot be sufficient remedies for Heidegger's limitations. In the process of struggling to overcome Heidegger, and rather than sticking to the problem as the problem, these critics eliminate the inevitable factors of the matter that drives Heidegger into his determination. I will therefore suggest that the problem Heidegger confronted in his efforts to move a step away from Kant and Husserl is still open, despite the reasonable attempts to resolve the dependency of Being on human thinking by Deleuze and Meillassoux. In this way, Heidegger's determination remains the most revealing conception of the problem, and I will consequently clarify that Heidegger's position in the history of philosophy is not in the past but in the vivid present.