잉글랜드 혁명기 잉글랜드와 뉴잉글랜드 청교도의 교류
The Interactions of the Puritans across the Atlantic during the English Revolution
0
조회
0
다운로드
0
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
The aim of this article is to examine the Puritan interactions across the Atlantic during the English Revolutions in 1640′s. Colonial governments in New England tries to stay out when England was drift into a civil war between the king and the parliament, even though they were more inclined to the parliamentarian cause. Affiliation with either the king or parliament could place the new-born colonies under a fatal threat. The existence of the new colonies was entirely dependent upon the supply from their old country. The puritan leaders, however, did not hesitate to take the parliamentarian side, as they believed that the aim of the Long Parliament was to complete the English reformation in religion. The easiest way for the New England puritans was to send their spiritual support for the English puritans by holding public thanksgiving days and public humiliation days. Many English puritans also asked the New Englanders to pray for themselves. The puritans in both sides of the Atlantic believed that prayer was the most efficient means to overcome the threat from the Anti-Christ. As the civil war in England went on, most colonial governments in New England gave up their neutral position, and gradually became pro-parliamentarians. Not only dispatched the Massachusetts Bay Colony agents to the parliament, but also passed a law which prohibit any act or speech or writing for the king’s cause. Other colonial governments followed a similar course. The participation of the New England puritans on the parliamentarian side went beyond the spiritual support. Many crossed the Atlantic to join the parliamentarian army as officers and army chaplains. Many graduates from Harvard College most cases were acknowledged as active chaplains. The other puritan leaders who stayed in New England attempted to encourage their fellow puritans in England by writings which were usually published in London. The interactions between the puritans in both sides of the English Atlantic were active and various during the English Revolution, even though the New England colonies were struggling for their existence.
Abstract
The aim of this article is to examine the Puritan interactions across the Atlantic during the English Revolutions in 1640′s. Colonial governments in New England tries to stay out when England was drift into a civil war between the king and the parliament, even though they were more inclined to the parliamentarian cause. Affiliation with either the king or parliament could place the new-born colonies under a fatal threat. The existence of the new colonies was entirely dependent upon the supply from their old country. The puritan leaders, however, did not hesitate to take the parliamentarian side, as they believed that the aim of the Long Parliament was to complete the English reformation in religion. The easiest way for the New England puritans was to send their spiritual support for the English puritans by holding public thanksgiving days and public humiliation days. Many English puritans also asked the New Englanders to pray for themselves. The puritans in both sides of the Atlantic believed that prayer was the most efficient means to overcome the threat from the Anti-Christ. As the civil war in England went on, most colonial governments in New England gave up their neutral position, and gradually became pro-parliamentarians. Not only dispatched the Massachusetts Bay Colony agents to the parliament, but also passed a law which prohibit any act or speech or writing for the king’s cause. Other colonial governments followed a similar course. The participation of the New England puritans on the parliamentarian side went beyond the spiritual support. Many crossed the Atlantic to join the parliamentarian army as officers and army chaplains. Many graduates from Harvard College most cases were acknowledged as active chaplains. The other puritan leaders who stayed in New England attempted to encourage their fellow puritans in England by writings which were usually published in London. The interactions between the puritans in both sides of the English Atlantic were active and various during the English Revolution, even though the New England colonies were struggling for their existence.
참고문헌 (45)
- "Shepard to Peter", American Historical Review, 4 (1898)
- Baillie, Robert, "A Dissuasive from the Errors of the Time"
- Baillie, Robert, "Letters and Journals, 3 vols" (1841)
- "Calenda of State Papers, Domestic, 1649~1650", ~
- Cotton, John, "The Keyes of the Kingdom of Heaven"
- Cotton, John, "The Way of Congregational Churches Cleared", ~
- Cromwell, Oliver, "The Writings and Speeches, 4 vols" (1937)
- Hooke, William, "New Englands Teares, for Old Englands Fears"
- Hooke, William, "New Englands Sense of Old England and Ireland Sorrows"
- Peter H., "New England's First Fruits", ~
- Rathband, William, "A briefe narration of some church courses", ~
- Weld, Thomas, "Brief Narra-tion of the Practices of the Churches in New England", ~
- Williams, Roger, "The Correspondence, 1629~1682" (1988), University Press of New England
- Winslow, Edward, "The Glorious Progress of the Gospel Amongst Indians in New England"
- Winthrop, John, "Journal : The History of New England, 2 vols" (1946)
- Winthrop, John, "The History of New England from 1630 to 1649, 2 vols" (1825)
- Winthrop, John, "Winthrop Papers, 5 vols" (1929)
- Winthrop, John, "A Model of Christian Charity, In Norton Anthology of American Literature" (1995), W. W. Norton
- Adams, James T., "The Founding of New England" (1921)
- Anderson, Virginia Dejohn, "Migrants and Motives : Religion and the Settlement of New England, 1630~1640", The New England Quarterly, 58(3) (1985)
- Bradford, William, "History of Plymouth Plantation, 2 vols" (1912)
- Bremer, Francis J., "Puritan Crisis : New England and the English Civil Wars, 1630~1670" (1989), Garland Publishing
- Bush, Sargent, "Thomas Hooker and the Westminster Assembly", The William and Mary Quarterly, 29 (1972)
- Cressy, David, "Coming Over : Migration and Communication between England and New England in the 17th Century" (1987), Cambridge University Press
- Crouse, Nellis M., "Causes of the Great Migration 1630~1640", The New England Quarterly, 5(1) (1932)
- Dexter, F. B., "Estimate of Population in American Colonies", Proceedings of American Antiquarian Society (1889)
- Dexter, Franklin B., "Sketch of the Life and Writings of John Davenport", Papers of the New Haven Colony Historical Society, 2 (1877)
- Fuller, Randall, "Errand into the Wilderness : Perry Miller as American Scholar", American Literary History, 18 (2006)
- Gemery, Henry A., "Emigration from the British Isles to the New World, 1630~1700 : Inferences from Colonial Populations", Research in Economic History, 5 (1980)
- Hutchinson, Thomas, "The History of the Colony and Province of Massachusetts-Bay", ~ (1936)
- Love, W. De. Loss, "The Fast and Thanksgiving Days of New England" (1885)
- Miller, Perry, "The New England Mind : The Seventeenth Century", ~ (1939)
- Morison, Samuel, "Builders of the Bay Colony" (1930)
- Paul, Robert, "The Assembly of the Lord : Politics and Religion in the Westminster Assembly and the Grand Debate" (1985), T&T Clark
- Pestana, Carla, "The English Atlantic in an Age of Revolution, 1640~1661" (2004), Harvard U. P
- Pocock, J. G. A., "British History : a Plea for a New Subject", Journal of Modern History, 47 (1975)
- Pocock, J. G. A., "The Limits and Divisions of British History : in Search of an Unknown Subject", American Historical Review, 87 (1982)
- Pocock, J. G. A., "History and Sovereignty : the Historiographical Response to Europeanization in Two British Cultures", Journal of British Studies, 31 (1992)
- Pocock, J. G. A., "Two kingdoms and three histories? Political thought in British contexts, In Scots and Britons : Scottish Political Thought and the Union of 1603" (1994), Cambridge U. P
- Sachse, William L., "The Migration of New Englanders to England, 1640~1660", The American Historical Review, 53 (1948)
- Sehr, Timothy J., "Colony and Commonwealth : Massachusetts Bay, 1649~1660" (1989), Garland Publishing
- Stearns, Raymond P., "The Weld-Peter Mission to England", Publicati-ons of the Colonial Society of Massachusetts, 32 (1934)
- Stearns, Raymond P., "The Strenuous Puritan : Hugh Peter, 1598~1660" (1954), Urban
- Trumbull, Hammond J., "The Public Records of the Colony of Connecticut", pp.99~ (1850)
- Waterhouse, Richard, "Reluctant emigrants : the English Background of the first generation of the New England Clergy", Historical Magazine of the Protestant Episcopal Church, 44 (1975)