新羅 王京의 地理學的 理解를 위한 基本 槪念의 檢討 -도시형태론과 도시체계론적 접근을 중심으로-

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to rearrange the results of preceding studies in terms of urban geographical approach to royal capitals in Silla, and so understand such results reasonably as a methodological preliminary study. Previous reseach on royal capitals in United Silla have not agreed clearly about the forms and scales of royal capitals. The reason is that preceding studies were divided into the perspective focusing on changing processes and the perspective focusing urban plans in a particular period in understanding the structure of royal capitals. This study examined this research question in terms of urban forms. That is, although the influx of the population into the Silla royal capital increased rapidly owing to the unification of three kingdoms, the scale of royal capital arrangement by the second urban plan after Munmu[文武] dynasty could not correspond to this situaton. Before the outskirts of the royal capital was clearly set up, the royal capital had already extended into its surrounding. This situation can be regarded as an under-bounded city which was extended more than its planed urban structure. The outskit boundary of the royal capital collapsed despite the establishment of urban plan in the royal capital because the Silla royal capital was not a walled capital city but a non-fortress type capital city without its outer castle wall. This morphological characteristic is confirmed in Hujiwara Capital in Japan, which can be considered as an important element in terms of the influence of Silla capital city system. In addition, in consideration of preceding studies on the structure and scale of provincial government in 9 Ju[州] and 5 Sogyeong[小京] formed in similar times, it is likely that these local cities were constructed on the basis of the struture and scale of the royal capital in those days. This implies that urban systems had been already established around the royal capital in Unified Silla period, even though the existing academic circle of geography hesitated to introduce urban system theory. That is, considering that all these cities were planed cities composed of street blocks, it conversely implies that planed urban systems were completed around the royal capital in Unified Silla Dynasty.