고려 현종대 거란과의 전쟁과 군사제도 정비

Abstract

There were 5 wars during the reign of King Hyeonjong. The Second War, which was based on the punishment of Gangjo who enthroned King Hyeonjong after the dethronement of King Mokjong, damaged hugely to the extent that Gagyeong was fallen and King Hyeonjong fled to Naju. King Hyeonjong promised the amicable diplomacy and Khitan returned, but did not make friendly relationship. After that, Goryeo refused the request at the return of Gangdong 6 provinces of Khitan. Accordingly, there was a sufficient room to continue work and King Hyeonjong focused on the maintenance of the military system. After the second war on Khitan, King Hyeonjong developed the independence Jungchuwon, which was integrated with Jungdaesa together with Seonhuiwon to be a military command institution. In addition, Jungbang was made to discuss the defense issues more professionally by making a meeting room where Sangjanggun and Daejanggun having Dobyeongmasa and Jangbyeong rights to discuss defense and military issues specially. At the same time, it aimed to keep balance of the military right through the mutual check. And, Jungchuwon, the military command institution was refurbished and the refurbishment of Byeongbu, the military governing institution appeared. In 1011 (second year of King Hyeonjong), Gobu, the subsidiary institution of Byeongbu was renovated. Also, early on, Gwanggundogam was installed by King Jeongjong with recruiting 300,000 soldiers to prepare for the invasion of Khitan and then shrunk back. So, Gwnaggundogam was reinforced and was reorganized as Gwanggunsa. In doing so, the foundation for securing and maintaining Gunaek was prepared. After the stabilization of the military power through the maintenance of these military systems, the third to sixth wars were carried out. Through the strategy and tactics in the third to sixth wars, more refined military operation was shown. And, it confirmed the military command system from Daejanggun to Gyowui performing each war. In addition, the number of troops in the country accurately grasped and was engaged in war. This preparation led to the victory of the war against Khitan, and Goryeo needed to clean up the military system during the war. First of all, the grant of Munban positions appeared by recognizing the military performance of military personnel. The political and social stability of military personnel was shown by the national grant of Muban by Munban. On the other hand, there was a need to refurbish Muban positions to the elite and the military line up was formalized. The military service to those with elderly parents was exempted and overall aount was reduced. At the same time, Naseong Fortress was constructed to solidify the defense of Gaeseong and Bongsu and road network were developed.